The Josephson junction count is the number of Josephson junctions on a superconducting integrated circuit chip. Josephson junctions are active circuit elements in superconducting circuits. The Josephson junction count is a measure of circuit or device complexity, similar to the transistor count used for semiconductor integrated circuits.
Examples of circuits using Josephson junctions include digital circuits based on SFQ logic (e.g., RSFQ, RQL, adiabatic quantum flux parametron), superconducting quantum computing circuits, superconducting analog circuits, etc.
Integrated circuits
The superconducting integrated circuits listed here must have been fabricated and tested, but are not required to be commercially available. Chip area includes the full extent of the chip.
Reference Description Junctioncount Date Maker Process Circuit[mm²] Chip[mm²] RSFQ NOT gate 13 1987 Moscow State U. 10 μm, 5 MA/m2, 2 Nb 1.1 CORE1α6 RSFQ microprocessor, 8 bit 6,319 2004 NEC 2 μm, 25 MA/m2 10.9 SCRAM2 RSFQ microprocessor, 8 bit 8,197 2006 SRL 2 μm, 25 MA/m2 15.3 25 CORE1γ RSFQ microprocessor, 8 bit 22,302 2007 ISTEC 2 μm, 25 MA/m2 40.45 64 Rainier RSFQ, 128 qubit QA processor 23,360 2010 D-Wave, SVTC 250 nm, 2.5 MA/m2, 6 Nb 8 32 Vesuvius SFQ, 512 qubit QA processor 96,000 2012 D-Wave, SVTC 250 nm, 2.5 MA/m2, 6 Nb 8 162 RSFQ, 16-bit adder 12,785 2012 SBU, AIST 1 μm, 100 MA/m2, 10 Nb 8.5 29.75 8,192 bit shift register 32,800 2014 SBU, MIT-LL 500 nm, 100 MA/m2, 8 Nb 9 25 Washington (W1K) SFQ, 2048 qubit QA processor 128,472 2015 D-Wave, Cypress 250 nm, 2.5 MA/m2, 6 Nb 30.3 136 RQL, 2 shift registers 72,800 2015 NGC, MIT-LL 500 nm, 100 MA/m2, 8 Nb 9 25 16000 bit shift register65,0002017SBU, MIT-LL500 nm, 100 MA/m2, 8 Nb122536000 bit shift register144,0002017SBU, MIT-LL350 nm, 100 MA/m2, 8 Nb1525202280 bit shift register809,1502017SBU, MIT-LL350 nm, 100 MA/m2, 8 Nb64100 Pegasus P16 SFQ, 5640 qubit QA processor 1,030,000 2020 D-Wave, SkyWater Technology 250 nm, 2.5 MA/m2, 6 Nb 70.6 Maker column may include organizations that designed and fabricated the chip.
Process column information: minimum linewidth, Josephson junction critical current density, superconducting layer number and materials. Conversions for units of critical current density: 1 MA/m2 = 1 μA/μm2 = 100 A/cm2.
Memory Memory is an electronic data storage device, often used as computer memory, on a single integrated circuit chip. The superconducting integrated circuits listed here must have been fabricated and tested, but are not required to be commercially available. Chip area includes the full extent of the chip.
Reference Description Junctioncount Date Maker Process Circuit[mm²] Chip[mm²] 1024 bit ROM, NbN/MgO/NbN junctions 5,943 1990 Electrotechnical Lab, Japan 3 μm, 5.6 MA/m2, 2 Nb + 1 Pb-In 17.25 4096 bit RAM 23,488 2005 ISTEC 1 μm, 100 MA/m2, 10 Nb 5.5
References