Chatelain or Châtelain is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Christine Chatelain, Canadian film and television actress Clara de Chatelain (1807–1876), English writer and composer Danièle Chatelain, professor of French and writer Hélène Châtelain, (1935–2020), French actress Hubert Paul Chatelain (1917–?) Jean Baptiste Claude Chatelain (1710–?), French engraver Jeremy Chatelain (disambiguation), multiple people