Racism in sport in Australia has a long history, with instances dating back to the 19th century. Since the early 1990s, numerous cases of racial vilification have been reported, leading to sport organizations to address the issue through various measures.

Background Sport historian Colin Tatz, in his 1995 research into Aboriginal Australian and Torres Strait Islander athletes wrote: "they're Australians when they're winning, and Aborigines at other times", in summarising the history of racism in Australian sport. In his book Obstacle race: Aborigines in sport (1995), Tatz traces racism in Australia sport back to the 1800s. Since the 1990s there have been numerous racial vilification cases reported in the Australian media, partly due to the increase in Indigenous athletes participating in Australian Football League (AFL) and National Rugby League (NRL) and national sports organisations introducing rules to facilitate racial vilification cases.

In an incident in April 1995, Collingwood ruckman Damian Monkhorst racially abused Essendon's Michael Long. An Australian Football League (AFL) investigation after the incident showed that at least 10 players from six clubs regularly racially abused players. After this, the AFL introduced "Rule 30: A Rule to Combat Racial and Religious Vilification" on 30 June 1995 as a result of the shortcomings in Long's racial vilification case against Monkhorst. The Rule stated that: "no player... shall act towards or speak to any other person in a manner, or engage in any other conduct which threatens, disparages, vilifies or insults another person... on the basis of that person’s race, religion, colour, descent or national or ethnic origin". The AFL's rule was the first racial vilification code in Australia sport. The AFL lead the way with its code and subsequently most major national sports organisations introduced their own rules.

These voluntary sporting rules of conduct mirror Racial Discrimination Act 1975 and the Racial Hatred Act 1995 Section 18 C.(1) that: "It is unlawful for a person to do an act, otherwise than in private, if: "(a) the act is reasonably likely, in all the circumstances, to offend, insult, humiliate or intimidate another person or a group of people; and (b) the act is done because of the race, colour or national or ethnic origin of the other person or of some or all of the people in the group. to offend, insult, humiliate or intimidate another person or group of people because of their race, colour, or ethnic or national origin".

In 2006, the Australian Human Rights Commission (AHRC) published the report What's the score? A survey of cultural diversity and racism, which stated:

The AFL has been seen to take leadership in the battle against racism in sport through showcasing an "Indigenous Round'" each year, with the highlight match being Dreamtime at the 'G. The NRL has an "Indigenous Round" and there is an annual game with the Indigenous All Stars.

The Play by the Rules website established in 2001 provides a wide range of resources in racism in sport to assist administrators, coaches, officials, players and parents.

In 2012, the AHRC launched a Racism. It Stops with Me, a community awareness campaign aimed to empower Australians to counter racial prejudice and discrimination. All the major sports organisations – Australian Football League, National Rugby League, Australian Rugby Union, Football Federation Australia, Cricket Australia, Netball Australia and Tennis Australia have become part of this campaign. A television advertisement was produced that included Indigenous and non-Indigenous athletes.

Sports

Below are cases related to racial vilification in Australian sport. In several of the cases, there was no racial vilification proved. The list concentrates on cases at the elite level of sport relating to athletes, spectators and commentators but there is anecdotal evidence of racism in community sport. These cases consequently received wide media coverage. There appears an increase in cases related to fans either at sporting events or through social media.

Athletics 1888 – White sprinters refused to run against indigenous runners in the Sheffield Handicap held at Thargomindah, Queensland. The boycott resulted in an "Aborigines"-only race being held. 1903 – Queensland Amateur Athletic Association attempted to disbar all aborigines from athletics due to them “lacking moral character” and “lacking intelligence”. Australian Amateur Athletic Association rejected this discrimination attempt. 2012 – John Steffensen claimed that an Athletics Australia official called him a "nigger" and "jungle bunny' at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Steffensen's complaint came after was not selected to run the individual 400 m at the 2012 London Olympics. Athletics Australia and the Australian Olympic Committee rejected the claim and stated that Steffensen should have made a complaint at Beijing Olympics.

Australian rules football

1927 – Doug Nicholls tried out to play for Carlton Football Club but was rejected because of his colour and his smell. Five years later Fitzroy Football Club enlisted his services. 1960–1990 – Several indigenous players including Carlton's Syd Jackson, North Melbourne's Phil and Jim Krakouer and Footscray's Michael McLean have stated that they were the target of racial slurs by opposition players and spectators. There is evidence that the Krakouer brothers were suspended for retaliating against racial abuse on the field. West Coast Eagles players Chris Lewis and Troy Ugle during their career received hate mail and death threats and were provided with counselling. 1993 – St Kilda indigenous player Nicky Winmar was racially vilified by the Collingwood supporters during an AFL game at Victoria Park, Melbourne. At the end of the game, Winmar lifted his shirt and pointed to his skin and declared "I'm black and I'm proud to be black". This became an iconic image of racism in Australian sport. Allan McAlister, Collingwood's President commented that Winmar and his team mate Gilbert McAdam would be respected "as long as they conducted themselves like white people on and off the field". 1995 – Essendon player Michael Long accused Collingwood's Damian Monkhorst of a racial taunt during the first Anzac Day match at Melbourne Cricket Ground. Long was not satisfied with the outcome of an AFL organised mediation session. However, this case led to the AFL introducing Rule 30: A Rule to Combat Racial and Religious Vilification on 30 June 1995. 1995 – Greg Williams, a Carlton player, unreservedly apologised to West Coast Eagles Chris Lewis for racially abusing him during a match at Subiaco Oval. Lewis accepted the apology. 1997 – Collingwood's Robbie Ahmat claimed he was racially vilified by Essendon's Michael Prior in the last quarter of that year's Anzac Day match. Prior claimed that he called Ahmat a "dumb cunt" rather than a "dark cunt". Prior was cleared at a tribunal hearing. 1997 – Western Bulldogs player Todd Curley allegedly racially vilified Melbourne's David Cockatoo-Collins by calling him a "black cunt". Curley claimed this was incorrect and that he had referred to him as a "weak cunt". Curley was cleared of any offence. 1999 – Peter Everitt, a St Kilda player racially abused Melbourne's Scott Chisholm after kicking a goal in the Round 2 match at Waverley Park. Everritt donated $20,000 to a charity of Chisholm's choice, undertook self-imposed four-match suspension including the loss of match payments and undertook a racial awareness training program. Everitt publicly apologised to Chisholm and his family and to the Aboriginal community. 2011 – Justin Sherman, a Western Bulldogs player was banned for four games for racially vilifying an unnamed Gold Coast Suns player. Sherman was ordered to attend an education program and pay $5000 to a charity chosen by the Suns. He spent four weeks in the VFL while serving his AFL suspension. 2011 – There were several reported incidents of spectator racial abuse. North Melbourne Football Club's Majak Daw was racially abused by a spectator at a VFL game and Hawthorn Football Club's Lance Franklin was also racially abused by a fan at an AFL match in Launceston. 2012 – AFL's national community engagement manager Jason Misfud claimed that Adelaide Football Club recruitment manager Matthew Rendell suggested that clubs may adopt a policy of only recruiting Aboriginal players with at least one white parent. Rendell resigned as a result of the controversy regarding his comments. He apologised for his comments but believed they were taken out of context.

2013 – Adam Goodes, a Sydney Swans player in a match against Collingwood Magpies at Melbourne Cricket Ground during the AFL's Indigenous Round was called an ape by a 13-year-old Collingwood supporter. Upon hearing the abuse, Goodes pointed the girl out to security and she was ejected from the stadium. Goodes stated he was gutted by the comments but stated that: "People need to get around her. She's 13, she's uneducated." Goodes subsequently was criticised by several commentators for pillaring a 13-year-old girl. 2014 – A 70-year-old man received a penalty notice for offensive behaviour after allegedly making racists comments about Sydney Swans players Lance Franklin and Adam Goodes during a match against Western Bulldogs at Etihad Stadium. The man was reported to police by other spectators. 2014 – Majak Daw, a North Melbourne Kangaroos player was racially abused in a match against Hawthorn at Aurora Stadium, Launceston. The male spectator was evicted from the ground. 2014 – Nic Naitanui, a West Coast Eagles player, was racially abused three times by Vinh Phuc Nguyen on Twitter. Nguyen pleaded guilty to three counts of using a carriage service to menace, harass or cause offence. He was banned from contacting the Naitanui or other West Coast Eagles players and creating a Twitter account. 2015 – Adam Goodes, during matches played outside Sydney, was constantly booed by spectators. It was suggested that this may have been related to the 2013 incident (see above), to his speaking out on Indigenous issues during his 2014 Australian of the Year award, his playing style, or a dance he directed at opposition fans during the Indigenous round. However the booing was mostly attributed to racism, and in 2019, just prior to the release of two documentaries about these events (The Final Quarter and The Australian Dream), the AFL and all of its 18 clubs issued an unreserved apology for the sustained racism and events which drove Goodes out of the game. 2016 – A spectator threw a banana at Eddie Betts as he was playing for the Crows against Port Adelaide, as a form of racial abuse. 2020 - Leroy Larson, a St Mary's Football Club senior player in the NTFL, was found guilty on 21 February of breaching the AFL's National Vilification and Discrimination Policy for a comment made against Tiwi Bombers forward Austin Wonaeamirri in NTFL round 17 on 8 February at Marrara Stadium and given a five-week ban. He had already used his one avenue of appeal to overturn a life ban in 2018. He was de-registered as an AFL player on 26 February. 2023 – More people have been reporting racial abuse against players. In April 2023, the AFL confirmed 23 reported incidents of racial abuse in AFL, VFL, and the Talent League games since the season began. Abuse had occurred on social media as well as at games. Four Indigenous players – Brisbane's Charlie Cameron, Adelaide's Izak Rankine, and Fremantle's Michael Walters and Nathan Wilson – had received abuse, over a period of two days. The incidents were investigated by AFL's integrity unit, headed by social inclusion manager Tanya Hosch. AFL executives anticipate that the upcoming 2023 Australian Indigenous Voice referendum may lead to increased reporting of incidents of racial abuse, which is not a bad thing.