Sovereign states
A Abazinia – Abazinia Aceh – Aceh Sultanate Adal – Adal Sultanate Ahmadnagar – Ahmadnagar Sultanate Ahom – Ahom Kingdom Airgíalla Ailech Aïr – Terene Sultanate of Aïr (to 1500) Ajuran – Ajuran Sultanate Ağ Qoyunlu – Ağ Qoyunlu Confederation Alodia – Alodia Andorra – Principality of Andorra Astrakhan – Khanate of Astrakhan Ava – Kingdom of Ava Avar – Avar Khanate Ayutthaya – Ayutthaya Kingdom Aztec – Aztec Empire Tenochtitlan Texcoco Tlacopan
B Bamum – Kingdom of Bamum Banu Sulaym Bahmani – Bahmani Kingdom Bastar – Bastar State Benin – Benin Empire Bengal – Sultanate of Bengal Berar – Berar Sultanate Bidar – Bidar Sultanate Bijapur – Adil Shahi dynasty of the Bijapur Sultanate Bikaner Bonoman Borgu – Kingdom of Borgu Bornu – Bornu Empire Brunei – Bruneian Sultanate Buganda – Kingdom of Buganda Bundi – Bundi State Butua – Kingdom of Butua Butuan – Rajahnate of Butuan Bunyoro – Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara
C Caboloan Cambodia Chamba Champa – Chăm Pa China – Great Ming Chutiya – Chutiya Kingdom Circassia Clandeboye Cospaia - Republic of Cospaia Cutch – Cutch State
D Damot – Kingdom of Damot Đại Việt Dawro – Kingdom of Dawro Delhi – Delhi Sultanate Demak – Sultanate of Demak Denkyira Desmond – Kingdom of Desmond Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark Dizak – Principality of Dizak Dulkadirids – Beylik of Dulkadir
E – Kingdom of England Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire
F Fermanagh France – Kingdom of France
G Gajapati – Gajapati dynasty, Odisha Garhwal – Kingdom of Garhwal – Republic of Genoa Gowa – Sultanate of Gowa Great Fulo – Empire of Great Fulo Golden Horde – Golden Horde Gujarat – Gujarat Sultanate
H Hanthawaddy – Hanthawaddy Kingdom Hausa Kingdoms Hawwara
Hungary – Kingdom of Hungary
I Igala – Kingdom of Igala Imereti – Kingdom of Imereti Inca – Inca Empire Iroquois – Iroquois Confederacy
J Jaffna – Kingdom of Jaffna Jailolo – Sultanate of Jailolo Jaintia – Kingdom of Jaintia Jaisalmer – Kingdom of Jaisalmer Janjero – Kingdom of Janjero Japan – Ashikaga Shogunate Jolof – Jolof Empire Joseon – Kingdom of Great Joseon Jumla – Kingdom of Jumla
K Kabardia – Princedom of Kabardia Kachari – Kingdom of Kachari Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa Kakheti – Kingdom of Kakheti Kakongo – Kingdom of Kakongo Kalahandi – Kalahandi State Kamata – Kingdom of Kamata Kandy – Kingdom of Kandy Kangleipak – Kangleipak State Kangra – Kingdom of Kangra Kanker – Kanker State Kartli – Kingdom of Kartli Kashmir – Shah Mir Dynasty of Kashmir Kazakh – Kazakh Khanate Kazan – Khanate of Kazan Khachen – Principality of Khachen Kilwa – Kilwa Sultanate Knights Hospitaller – Order of Saint John Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo – Kingdom of Kotte Kumaon – Kingdom of Kumaon Kutai – Kutai Kartanegara Sultanate Kwararafa – Kwararafa Confederacy
L Ladakh – Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh Lan Na – Lanna Kingdom Lan Xang Lithuania – Grand Duchy of Lithuania Luwu – Kingdom of Luwu
M Madja-as – Confederation of Madja-as Magh Luirg Majapahit – Majapahit Empire Malacca – Malay Sultanate of Malacca Maldives – Sultanate of the Maldives Mali – Mali Empire Malla – Malla Confederacy Malwa – Malwa Sultanate Mamluk – Mamluk Sultanate of Cairo Mandara – Kingdom of Mandara Mankessim – Kingdom of Mankessim Maravi – Kingdom of Maravi Marwar – Kingdom of Marwar Mayas – Maya civilization Maynila – Kingdom of Maynila Medri Bahri – Land of the Sea Mewar – Mewar Kingdom Mewat – Mewat State Moghulistan Morocco – Wattasid dynasty of Morocco Mossi Kingdoms Mrauk U – Kingdom of Mrauk U Muisca Confederation Muscovy – Grand Duchy of Muscovy Mustang – Kingdom of Mustang Mutapa – Kingdom of Mutapa
N Namayan - Kingdom of Namayan – Kingdom of Naples Navarre – Kingdom of Navarre Nogai – Nogai Horde Noli – Republic of Noli Nri – Kingdom of Nri Nupe – Kingdom of Nupe
O Oirat – Four Oirat Oman – Imamate of Oman Osraige Ottoman Empire Oyo – Oyo Empire
P Pagaruyung – Kingdom of Pagaruyung - State of the Church Patna – Patna State Poland – Kingdom of Poland Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal Prome – Kingdom of Prome Pskov – Republic of Pskov
R – Republic of Ragusa Ramazanids – Emirate of Ramadan Rapa Nui – Kingdom of Rapa Nui Rwanda – Kingdom of Rwanda Ryazan – Principality of Ryazan Ryukyu – Ryukyu Kingdom
S Saloum – Kingdom of Saloum Samtskhe – Samtskhe Atabegate Samudera Pasai – Samudera Pasai Sultanate San Marino – Republic of San Marino Saudeleur – Saudeleur dynasty Scotland – Kingdom of Scotland Senarica – Senarica Republic Shan States Shewa – Sultanate of Shewa Shaybanid Uzbek State (Khanate of Bukhara) Shilluk – Shilluk Kingdom Sibir – Khanate of Sibir Sindh – Samma dynasty of Sindh Songhai – Songhai Empire Suket – Suket State Sunda – Kingdom of Sunda Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden
T Tarascan state Ternate – Sultanate of Ternate Teutonic Knights – State of the Teutonic Order Thomond – Kingdom of Thomond Tibet, Phagmodrupa – Phagmodrupa dynasty of Tibet Tibet, Rinpungpa – Rinpungpa dynasty of Tibet Tidore – Sultanate of Tidore Timurid Empire Tlaxcala – Confederacy of Tlaxcala Tlemcen – Zayyanid Kingdom of Tlemcen Tondo – Tundun Tonga – Tuʻi Tonga Empire Tunjurs – Tunjur Kingdom Tunis – Sultanate of Tunis Tyrconnell Tyrone Twipra – Kingdom of Twipra
U Uí Maine Usfurids – Usfurid dynasty
V Venice – Most Serene Republic of Venice Vijayanagara – Vijayanagara Empire
W Warsangali – Warsangali Sultanate Wehali – Sultanate of Wehali Welayta – Kingdom of Welayta
Y Yemen – Tahirid dynasty of Yemen Yuan – Northern Yuan
Z Zapotec – Zapotec Empire
Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire was a highly decentralized collection of polities.Lonnie R. Johnson, Central Europe: Enemies, Neighbors, Friends (1996), Oxford University Press, p. 23. A comprehensive list of all of its anachronistic components has been made at List of states in the Holy Roman Empire, and would be much too large to fit here.
Austria – Archduchy of Austria Bavaria – Duchy of Bavaria Bohemia – Kingdom of Bohemia Brandenburg – Margraviate of Brandenburg Electoral Palatinate – County Palatine of the Rhine – Republic of Florence Lorraine – Duchy of Lorraine – Duchy of Savoy Saxony – Electorate of Saxony Switzerland – Swiss Confederacy
Crowns and Unions Crowns were composite monarchies composed of multiple countries under one ruler.
Polish–Lithuanian union
Spain Aragon – Crown of Aragon Kingdom of Aragon Principality of Catalonia Kingdom of Valencia Kingdom of Majorca Kingdom of Sardinia Kingdom of Sicily Kingdom of Naples Castile – Crown of Castile
Non-sovereign territories
England Wales – Principality of Wales
Gujarat Khandesh – Faruqi dynasty of the Khandesh Sultanate
Imereti Guria – Principality of Guria Svaneti – Principality of Svaneti
Ottoman Empire Crimean Khanate – Crimean Khanate – Principality of Wallachia
Poland – Principality of Moldavia
Portugal Azores Brazil Ceuta Portuguese Gold Coast Portuguese Mozambique Príncipe São Tomé Tangier
Spain (Crown of Castile and Crown of Aragon) Canary Islands – Kingdom of the Canary Islands Mellila – Mellila
Sunda Cirebon – Sultanate of Cirebon
Vijayanagara Calicut – Kingdom of Kozhikode Mysore – Kingdom of Mysore
References