On September 4, 1968, following several days of violent clashes, Alphonse Massamba-Débat's government was overthrown by the military who forced Massamba-Débat to resign. Alfred Raoul then became the acting head of state until January 1969 when Marien Ngouabi, the chairman of the same party that had brought Massamba-Débat to power, assumed control.History Database Search, Massamba-Débat, Alphonse, http://www.fofweb.com/History/HistRefMain.asp?iPin=MWLI237&SID=2&DatabaseName=Modern+World+History+Online&InputText=%22scientific+socialism%22&SearchStyle=&dTitle=Massamba-D%26%23233%3Bbat%2C+Alphonse&TabRecordType=Biography&BioCountPass=2&SubCountPass=7&DocCountPass=0&ImgCountPass=0&MapCountPass=0&FedCountPass=&MedCountPass=0&NewsCountPass=0&RecPosition=2&AmericanData=&WomenData=&AFHCData=&IndianData=&WorldData=Set&AncientData=&GovernmentData=.
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