Ryzhenkov (masculine, ) or Ryzhenkova (feminine, ) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Oleg Ryzhenkov (born 1967), Belarusian biathlete Oleksandr Ryzhenkov (born 1950), Ukrainian metallurgist and economist Viktor Ryzhenkov (born 1966), Uzbekistani pole vaulter Vladimir Ryzhenkov (1948–2011), Russian weightlifter