This list contains the names of Japanese dissidents in Imperial Japan, which lasted from the Meiji period (1868-1912) to the end of World War II. The list includes, but not limited to, communists, anarchists, and religious dissidents.

A Kazuo Aoyama, a communist

D Taisen Deshimaru, a buddhist teacher

H Teru Hasegawa, an esperantist

I Shoichi Ichikawa, a Japanese Communist Party member Yuki Ikeda Ayako Ishigaki, a journalist Noe Itō

K Wataru Kaji, a writer Shigeo Kamiyama, a Japanese Communist Party member Fumiko Kaneko, a pre-Shōwa period assassin Sen Katayama, founding member of the Japanese Communist Party Takiji Kobayashi, an author of proletarian literature Shūsui Kōtoku, a Japanese anarchist Tokuda Kyuichi

M Kenji Miyamoto, Japanese Communist Party member

N Daisuke Nanba, pre-Shōwa period assassin Eitaro Noro, Japanese Communist Party member Sanzō Nosaka, Japanese Communist Party leader

O George Ohsawa, pacifist Shigeki Oka, socialist Sakae Ōsugi, anarchist

S Yoshio Shiga

T Makoto Tomioka, anarchist

Y Mitsu Yashima, artist, and wife of Taro Yashima Taro Yashima, artist

See also Japanese dissidence during the Shōwa period