This is a list of abbreviations and acronyms commonly used in the sanitation sector or more broadly in the WASH sector.
A AA - Activated alumina ADB - Asian Development Bank ABR - Anaerobic baffled reactor - improved septic tank with baffles, see also Anaerobic digestion and DEWATS ACP - Anaerobic contact process AD - Anaerobic digestion AF - Anaerobic filters, see also Anaerobic digestion AfDB - African Development Bank AfWA - African Water Association AIT - Asian Institute of Technology in Bangkok, Thailand aka or a.k.a. - "also known as" AMCOW - African Ministers Council on Water As - Arsenic ATS - Aerobic treatment system AusAID - Australian Agency for International Development AWF - African Water Facility, an initiative of the African Ministers’ Council on Water (AMCOW), hosted and administered by African Development Bank (AfDB)
B BCC - Behavioral change communication BMGF - Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation BMZ - Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development BOD or BOD5 - Biological oxygen demand (measured for five days) BOP or BoP - Bottom of the pyramid (or base of the pyramid) BOT - Build-operate-transfer BSF - Black soldier fly or Biosand filter BSFL - Black soldier fly larvae
C cap - capita, as per capita (or per person) CAPEX - Capital expenditure CATS - Community approaches to total sanitation, a term coined by UNICEF CBO - Community-based organization CBOD - Carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand CBS - Container-based sanitation CCT - Conditional cash transfer CHC - Community Health Clubs CHP - Combined heat and power CLTS - Community-led total sanitation CLUES - Community Led Urban Environmental Sanitation CFU - Colony-forming unit COD - Controlled open defecation COD - Chemical oxygen demand CoP - Community of practice CP - Contact precipitation, see precipitation CSO - Combined sewer overflow or Civil Society Organization (same as Non-governmental organization) CSR - Corporate social responsibility CW - Constructed wetland
D DALY - Disability-adjusted life year DEWATS - Decentralized wastewater treatment system DFID - Department for International Development (United Kingdom) DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid DO - Dissolved oxygen DRC - Democratic Republic of the Congo DRR - Disaster risk reduction
E Ecosan - Ecological sanitation EC - Electrical conductivity Eh - Redox potential EIA - Environmental impact assessment EM - Effective microorganisms EN - European standards (the N stands for Normalisation in French), e.g. EN 12566 EPA - United States Environmental Protection Agency EPS - Extracellular polymeric substances EQND - Equality and nondiscrimination ESARO - East and Southern Africa Region EU - European Union
F FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAQ - Frequently asked questions FC - Fecal coliforms FECR - Fecal egg count reduction; closest article is on anthelmintic FFS (or F4S) - Fit for School FGD - Focus group discussion; closest article may be Qualitative psychological research FGM - Female genital mutilation FOAM - Focus on Opportunity, Ability and Motivation FS - Fecal (or faecal) sludge; closest article is septage FSM - Fecal (or faecal) sludge management FSSM - Fecal sludge and septage management FSTP - Fecal sludge treatment plant FTI - Faecally-transmitted infections; closest article is fecal–oral transmission
G GAP - Good agricultural practices GHG - Greenhouse gases GIZ - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GLAAS - UN-Water Global Analysis and Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking-Water GPS - Global positioning system GSF - Global sanitation fund, closest page is Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council
H HACCP - Hazard analysis and critical control points hab. - inhabitant or user, used in design parameters of wastewater treatment, e.g. 60 g BOD/hab. HAI - Hospital-acquired infection HCF - Health care facility HEDF - Human excreta derived fertiliser (see reuse of excreta) HEW - Health Extension Worker HH - Household HIA - Health impact assessment HQ - Headquarters HRWS - Human right to water and sanitation HWF - Handwashing facility
I ICT - Information and communications technology IDP - Internally displaced person, often used as "IDP camp" IEC - Information, education, communication; closest article may be Behavior change (public health) INR - Indian rupee, currency in India IWRM - Integrated water resources management
J JMP - Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation of WHO and UNICEF
K KAP - Knowledge, attitude and practice kL (or Kl) - Kilo liters (or 1000 liters, same as 1 cubic meter) KM - Knowledge management Ksh - Kenyan shilling, currency in Kenya KVIP - Kumasi ventilated-improved pit, closest article is Pit latrine
L L - Lakh, used for one hundred thousand in India L - Liter (or litre in British English spelling) LCC - Life-cycle cost, see Whole-life cost or Life-cycle cost analysis LCCA - Life-cycle cost analysis LGA - Local government area LMICs - Low and middle income countries LNOB - Leave no one behind lpcd - Liters per capita per day (liters per person per day), e.g. for daily wastewater flowrate
M MBBR - Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor MBR - Membrane bioreactor MCA - Multiple criteria analysis, see Multiple-criteria decision analysis MCDA - Multiple-criteria decision analysis MDA - Mass drug administration MDG - Millennium Development Goal M&E - Monitoring and evaluation MENA - Middle East and North Africa MFC - Microbial fuel cell MFI - Microfinance institution mg - Milligram μg - Microgram MHM - Menstrual hygiene management ML - Megaliter or 1 million liter or 1000 cubic meters MLD - Million liters per day MOH - Ministry of health (see also List of health departments and ministries) MOOC - Massive open online course MOS - Manual of style MoU - Memorandum of understanding MoUD - Ministry of Urban Development MSW - Municipal solid waste
N NBA - Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan in India, formerly called "Total Sanitation Campaign" (TSC) - not to be confused with CLTS NGO - Non-governmental organization NIMBY - Not In My Back Yard NRW - Non-revenue water NSS - Non-sewered sanitation (similar term to fecal sludge management) NTDs - Neglected tropical diseases
O OBA - Output based aid OD - Open defecation ODA - Official development assistance ODK - Open Data Kit O&M - Operation and maintenance ODF - Open defecation free, i.e. a community without open defecation taking place OP - Omni Processor OPEX - Operational expenditure (or operating expense) ORP - Oxidation reduction potential ORT - Oral rehydration therapy
P PbR - Payment by results PC - Preventive chemotherapy; closest article is helminthiasis PFU - Plaque-forming unit PHC - Primary health centre PIM - Post implementation monitoring; no article yet, see WASH PMU - Project management unit PSP - Public sector participation, see also Public–private partnership PVC - Polyvinyl chloride PPP - Public private partnership ppm - Parts per million ppb - Parts per billion
Q QA/QC - Quality assurance / quality control Q&A - Question and answer, see also FAQ QMRA - Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment
R RBF - Results-based financing, see also Output based aid or Payment by Results RCT - Randomized controlled trial R&D - Research and development RNA - Ribonucleic acid RRR - Resource Recovery and Reuse RTI - Reproductive tract infection RTTC - Reinvent the Toilet Challenge, an R&D funding scheme by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation RVO - (Netherlands Enterprise Agency)
S SAR - Sodium adsorption ratio SBA (or SBM) - Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, Clean India Mission or Swachh Bharat Mission SBR - Sequencing batch reactor SDG - Sustainable Development Goal SDG6 - Sustainable Development Goal Number 6: "Clean Water and Sanitation" SFD - Shit Flow Diagram SHG - Self-help group SLA - Service-level agreement SLB - Service-level benchmarking SLTS - School-led total sanitation, see Community-led total sanitation SME - Small and medium-sized enterprise SMS - Short message service SOP - Standard operating procedure STP - Sewage treatment plant SRHR - Sexual and reproductive health and rights SRT - Solids retention time, see also Activated sludge SS - Suspended solids SSA - Sub-Saharan Africa SSLA - Sanitation Service-level agreement SSP - Sanitation safety planning; closest page might be Water safety plan SuSanA - Sustainable Sanitation Alliance SWASH - School Water, Sanitation and Hygiene, see Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
T T90 - Time at which 90 percent reduction in pathogens is achieved TAF - Technology Applicability Framework ThOD - Theoretical oxygen demand ToR - Terms of reference TSC - Total sanitation campaign in India, now called Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan - not to be confused with CLTS TSS - Total suspended solids (in sanitary engineering) or Toxic shock syndrome (medical field) TSSM - Total Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing TSU - Technical support unit
U UASB - Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor UCD - User-centered design UDDT - Urine-diverting dry toilet UDT - Urine diversion toilet UDFT - Urine Diverting Flush Toilet μg - Microgram ULB - Urban local body UNDP - United Nations Development Programme UNEP - United Nations Environment Programme UNSGAB - United Nations Secretary General's Advisory Board on Water and Sanitation USEPA - United States Environmental Protection Agency UTI - Urinary tract infection
V VIP - Ventilated improved pit latrine VND - Vietnamese Dong (currency in Vietnam)
W WASH or WaSH - Water, sanitation and hygiene WASH2 - Water, sanitation, hygiene and health WatSan - Water and sanitation, used in the same way as WASH WC - Water closet WEF - Water-Energy-Food nexus WG - Working group WinS - WASH in schools WHO - World Health Organization WPM - Water point mapping WSP: Water and sanitation program of the World Bank Water safety plan Waste stabilization pond WSUP - Water and sanitation for the urban poor WSH - Water, sanitation, hygiene WSSCC - Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council WTD - World Toilet Day WTP: Water treatment plant Willingness to pay WWD - World Water Day WWTP - Wastewater treatment plant WYSIWYG - What You See is What You Get
See also Wikiproject Sanitation List of water supply and sanitation by country
References