Yelagin or Elagin (feminine: Yelagina, Elagina) is a Russian-language surname. It may refer to:
, Russian noble family Ekaterina Elagina, geologist, discoverer of the deposits of the Mir diamond mine Ivan Elagin (poet) (1918–1987), Russian Emigre poet Ivan Yelagin (1725–1794), Russian historian and poet, unofficial secretary to Catherine the Great (1934–2007), Ukrainian poet (1817–1891), Russian writer and notorious censor Olga Elagin, poet Olga Anstei Vasily Igorevich Yelagin, Russian mountaineer and explorer (1743–?), Russian general Vladimir Yelagin (born 1955), Russian politician
Fictional characters Yelagin, the protagonist of Ivan Bunin's novella Case of Cornet Yelagin ()