The 2016 G20 Hangzhou summit was the eleventh meeting of the Group of Twenty (G20). It was held in the city of Hangzhou, Zhejiang. It was the first ever G20 summit to be hosted in China and the second in an Asian country after 2010 G20 Seoul summit was hosted in South Korea.

Context

Pollution in China

In the days before the G20 Hangzhou summit, only some vehicles were allowed through the city, construction sites were stopped, inhabitants received a week-long holidays (and were encouraged to leave the city) and factories in the region (including more than two hundred steel mills) were asked to stop their production (in order to temporarily reduce air pollution). Frédéric Lelièvre, "La Chine championne du monde de la finance verte" , Le temps, 29 August 2016 (page visited on 2 September 2016).Tom Phillips, "Ghost town: how China emptied Hangzhou to guarantee 'perfect' G20" , The Guardian, Monday 5 September 2016 (page visited on 5 September 2016).Reuters, "China's Hangzhou Turns Ghost Town as G20 Leaders Arrive", The New York Times, 3 September 2016 (page visited on 4 September 2016).A similar approach was used for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, see Air pollution at the 2008 S15 China Victory Day Parade.

Climate change

On 3 September 2016, US President Barack Obama and CCP General Secretary Xi Jinping announced the ratification of the Paris Agreement (of the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference) by their countries, Étienne Dubuis, "L’accord de Paris pourrait entrer en vigueur d’ici à la fin de l’année" , Le temps, 1 September 2016 (page visited on 2 September 2016). bringing the total number of countries ratifying the agreement to 26; ""Le débat avec les climatosceptiques est terminé", selon Ban Ki-Moon" , Radio télévision suisse, 4 September 2016 (page visited on 4 September 2016). the United States and China represent respectively 18 percent and 20 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions (the driving force behind global warming)."Paris climate deal: US and China formally join pact" , BBC News, 3 September 2016 (page visited on 4 September 2016).Simon Roger and Brice Pedroletti, "La Chine et les États-Unis ratifient l’accord de Paris sur le climat" , Le Monde, 3 September 2016 (page visited on 4 September 2016).

Economic statements

The main themes of final communiqué of the summit are: "Accord du G20 pour « s’opposer au protectionnisme » et lutter contre l’évasion fiscale" , Le Monde, 5 September 2016 (page visited on 5 September 2016). Fight against tax evasion (asking the OECD for a black list of tax havens). Favour international trade and investments and opposition to protectionism. Fiscal stimulus and innovation to boost economic growth. Combating "populist attacks" against globalization. Strengthen support for refugees.

Summit documents

The heads of state and government of G20 issued a joint statement with a summary of the main results of the meeting. The statement is divided in the following documents: Communiqué 2016https://www.g20.org/Content/DE/_Anlagen/G7_G20/2016-09-04-g20-kommunique-en.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=6 Annex to the Leaders' Declarationhttps://www.g20.org/Content/DE/_Anlagen/G7_G20/2016-09-05-g20-abschluss-annex-eng.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=7 Hangzhou Action Planhttps://www.g20.org/Content/DE/_Anlagen/G7_G20/2016-09-08-g20-action-plan-en.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4 Blueprint on Innovative Growthhttps://www.g20.org/Content/DE/_Anlagen/G7_G20/2016-09-08-g20-blueprint-on-innovation-growth.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4 G20 Action Plan on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Developmenthttps://www.g20.org/Content/DE/_Anlagen/G7_G20/2016-09-08-g20-agenda-action-plan.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4

Participating leaders

List of leaders who took part in the 2016 G20 Hangzhou summit:

Invited guests

International organizations

Controversies President Obama was snubbed by CCP General Secretary Xi Jinping and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) as he descended from Air Force One to the tarmac of Hangzhou International Airport without the usual red carpet welcome.

Internet censorship CCP general secretary Xi Jinping in the speech quoted "Guoyu", Traditional Chinese history books, in Chapter 9 of the "" (, meaning reducing taxes and make road easy to walk, promote commercialization, and relax agriculture), but he mistakenly pronounced it as "" ("" means Undress), the Central Propaganda Department ordered media and social platforms to prohibit this discussion.

Russian hacking of 2016 United States elections In December 2016, President Obama stated that, when Obama was in China in early September 2016, he told Vladimir Putin not to hack the U.S. election infrastructure. Obama stated, "What I was concerned about in particular was making sure the 2016 DNC hack wasn't compounded by potential hacking that could hamper vote counting, affect the actual election process itself." He continued, "So in early September, when I saw President Putin in China, I felt that the most effective way to ensure that that didn’t happen was to talk to him directly and tell him to cut it out and there were going to be serious consequences if he didn’t. And in fact we did not see further tampering of the election process." Main Intelligence Directorate Cyber Actors Spearphishing

Notes

References

External links

Official website (archived 6 January 2016)