List of predecessors of sovereign states in Asia

The boundaries of Asia are culturally determined, as there is no clear geographical separation between it and Europe, which together form one continuous landmass called Eurasia. The most commonly accepted boundaries place Asia to the east of the Suez Canal, the Ural River, and the Ural Mountains, and south of the Caucasus Mountains and the Caspian and Black Seas. "Europe" (pp. 68–9); "Asia" (pp. 90–1): "A commonly accepted division between Asia and Europe is formed by the Ural Mountains, Ural River, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains, and the Black Sea with its outlets, the Bosporus and Dardanelles." Sovereign state Predecessors AfghanistanBactria (2200–549 BC)Part of Median Kingdom/Empire (678–549 BC)Part of the Achaemenid Empire (549–330 BC)Kingdom of Kapisa (5th century BC – 7th century)Part of Macedonian Empire (549–256 BC)Greco-Bactrian Kingdom (256–150 BC)Part of Indo-Parthian Kingdom and the Indo-Scythians (150 BC – 30 AD)Kushan Empire (30–320)Kidarite Kingdom (320–500)Alchon Huns Monarchy (380–560)Kingdom of RobHephtalite Monarchy (410–557) Nezak Hun Kingdom (484–711)Part of Sasanian Empire (500–661)Part of Umayyad Caliphate (661–750)Part of Abbasid Caliphate (750–821)Farighunids (9th century–1010)Part of Tahirid Emirate (821–873)Saffarid Emirate (873–1003)Ghurid Sultanate ( – 1215)Ghaznavid Sultanate (1003–1163)Nasrid dynasty of Sistan (1029–1225)Part of the Khwarazmian Empire (1163–1231)Part of the Mongol Empire (1231–1369)Kart dynasty (1244–1381)Timurid Empire (1369–1506)Part of the Khanate of Bukhara (1506–1709)Hotak Emirate (1709–1738)Part of the Afsharid Iran (1738–1796) Durrani Empire (1747–1826, also called the Sadozai Kingdom and the Afghan Empire) Emirate of Afghanistan (1823–1926) Kingdom of Afghanistan (1926–1973)Republic of Afghanistan (1973–1978) (1978–1992, renamed Republic of Afghanistan in 1987) (1992–2002) and (1996–2001) (2002–2004) (2004–2021, internationally recognized UN member state) (2021–present, unrecognized government) Armenia Hayasa-Azzi Confederation (1500–1290 BC)Kingdom of Arme-Shupria (1300–1190 BC)Nairi Confederation (1114–860 BC)Kingdom of Ararat (860–590 BC)Part of the Median Empire (553–549)Satrapy of Armenia, part of the Achaemenid Empire (549–330 BC)Kingdom of Armenia (321 BC – 114 AD)Armenia, province of the Roman Empire (114–118)Kingdom of Armenia (118–428)Divided between the Byzantine Empire on the west, and the east by the (428–654)Emirate of Arminiya (also known as Ostikanate of Arminiya), province (largely autonomous vassal principalities) of the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates (654–884)Kaysite dynasty (860–964)Bragatid Kingdom of Armenia (883–1045)Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget (979–1118)Kingdom of Vaspurakan (908–1021)Kingdom of Syunik (987–1170)Part of the Byzantine Empire (1045–1071)Part of the Great Seljuk Sultanate (1071–1194)Zakarid Principality of Armenia (1201–1360)Part of the Mongol Empire as its territory (1243–1256)Part of the Ilkhanate (1256–1336)Part of the Chobanid Kingdom (1336–1357)Part of the Kara Koyunlu (1357–1468)Part of the Safavid Empire (1501–1578)Part of the Ottoman Empire (1578–1603)Part of the Safavid Empire (1603–1724)Divided between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire (1724–1730)Part of the Safavid Empire (1730–1736)Part of the Afsharid Iran (1736–1747)Khanates of the Caucasus (1747–1827)Part of the Russian Empire (1828–1917)Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (1918) First Republic of Armenia (1918–1920) Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1920–1922) Federative Union of Socialist Soviet Republics of Transcaucasia (1922–1936), federated state of the Soviet Union Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (1936–1990), federated state of the Soviet Union (1991–present), federated state of the Soviet Union to 1991 AzerbaijanPart of Scythian Kingdom (652–625 BC)Part of Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BC)Caucasian Albania (c. 100s BC – 730 AD)Part of the Khazar Khaganate (730–861)Kingdom of Shirvan (861–1538)Ruled by the Sajid dynasty (889–929)Part of the Sallarid Kingdom (919–1062)Shaddadids (951–1199)Part of the Rawadid Emirate (955–1071)Hasanwayhid dynasty (959–1015)Part of the Great Seljuk SultanatePart of the Kingdom of Georgia (1130–1238)Atabegs of Azerbaijan (1091–1225)Ahmadilis (1122–1225)Part of the Khwarazmian Kingdom/Sultanate (1225–1231)Part of the Mongol Empire (1231–1256)Part of the Ilkhanate (1256–1336)Part of the Chobanid Kingdom (1336–1357)Part of the Kara Koyunlu (1357–1468)Part of the Aq Qoyunlu (1468–1501)Part of the Safavid Empire (1501–1578)Part of the Ottoman Empire (1578–1603) Elisu Sultanate (1604–1844)Part of the Safavid Empire (1578–1723)Divided between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire (1724–1730)Part of the Safavid Empire (1730–1736)Part of the Afsharid Iran (1736–1747)Khanates of the Caucasus (1747–1801)Part of the Qajar Empire (1796–1813)Part of the Russian Empire (1805–1917)Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (1918) Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (1918–1920) Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic (1920–1922) Federative Union of Socialist Soviet Republics of Transcaucasia (1922–1936), federated state of the Soviet Union Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist RepublicISO 3166-1 NEWSLETTER No. V-4 changed the official name of Azerbaijan from "Azerbaijani Republic" to "Republic of Azerbaijan" and changed the spelling of "Kazakstan" to "Kazakhstan". (1936–1991), federated state of the Soviet Union (1991–present) Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast (1923–1991) (1991–2017) (2017–2023) Bahrain Dilmun civilization (4th millennium BC – 6th century BC)Part of the Achaemenid Empire (6th century BC – 3rd century BC)Part of the Parthian Empire (130 BC – 3rd century BC)Part of the Sassanid Empire (3rd century AD – 899)Part of the Qarmatian Republic (899–976)Part of the Abbasid Caliphate (976–1076)Part of the Uyunid Emirate (1076–1235)Kingdom of Ormus (1200s – 1622)Ruled by the Usfurid dynasty (1253 – mid-1400s)Ruled by the Jarwanid dynasty (1300s–1400s)Part of the Jabrid Emirate (mid-1400s – 1521)Part of the Portuguese Empire (1521–1602)Part of the Safavid Empire (1602–1717)Part of the Omani Empire (1717–1783)In union with other states in the Bani Utbah Confederation (1783–1861) Sheikhdom of Bahrain and its Dependencies (1783–1971), part of the Trucial States (1820–1971) under British protection, being part of the British Empire State of Bahrain (1971–2002) (2002–present) BangladeshPundravardhana (1280–345 BC)Vanga Kingdom (1100–340 BC)Part of the Kingdom of Magadha (340–319 BC)Part of the Maurya Empire (319–185 BC)Part of Kingdom of Samatata (232 BC – 800 AD)Part of the Shunga Kingdom (185–73 BC)Part of the Kanva Kingdom (73–26 BC)Bengal was divided between various kingdoms (26 BC – 358 AD)Part of the Gupta Empire (358–590)Part of Kingdom of Kamarupa under the Varman dynasty (350–655)Jaintia Kingdom (500–1835)Gauda Kingdom (590–626)Bengal was divided between various kingdoms, like Vanga and Samatata ()Mallabhum kingdom (695–1946)Pala Kingdom ()Sena Kingdom ( – 1204)Kingdom of Taraf (1200–1610)Deva Kingdom (1204–1297)Part of the Delhi Sultanate (1235–1352)Bengal Sultanate (1352–1576)Bengal Subah (or Province of Bengal), part of the Mughal Empire (1576–1757)Ruled by the Nawabs, (1717–1880), nominally subordinate to the Mughal Empire (until 1757), and to the British Empire (after 1757) Bengal Presidency, part of Company rule in India (1757–1858), part of the British Empire Bengal Presidency, part of the (1858–1947), part of the British EmpireEast Bengal, federated state of the Dominion of Pakistan (1947–1956), a monarchical state in personal union with the United KingdomEast Pakistan, federated state of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (1956–1971) (1971–present) Bhutan Kingdom of Bumthang (7th century – 1616) (1616–present) BruneiPart of the Kingdom of Srivijaya ( – 1276)Part of the Kingdom of Singhasari (1276–1294)Part of the Majapahit Kingdom (1294–1368) Sultanate of Brunei (1368–1888) Protectorate of Brunei (1888–1942), British protectorate, part of the British EmpireOccupied by the Empire of Japan (1942–1945) Protectorate of Brunei (1945–1984), British protectorate, part of the British Empire (1984–present) CambodiaKingdom of Funan (c.50/68 AD – 550 AD)Kingdom of Chenla (550–802)Khmer Empire (802–1431)Kingdom of Cambodia (1431–1863) and Kingdom of Siam (1782–1867) French Protectorate of Cambodia (1863–1953), member of French Indochina, a collection of Southeast Asian protectorates within the French Empire (1887–1953) French Indochina (1887–1946), federation of colonial possessions of the French EmpireOccupied by the Empire of Japan (1945) Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–1970) Khmer Republic (1970–1975) Democratic Kampuchea (1975–1982) People's Republic of Kampuchea (1979–1989) Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (1982–1990, de jure government of Cambodia) State of Cambodia (1989–1993) and United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (1992–1993) National Government of Cambodia (1990–1993) (1993–present) Greater ChinaMainland China Xia Kingdom (semi-mythological; c. 2070–c. 1600 BC)Shang Kingdom ()Zhou Kingdom ()Part of the Chagatai Khanate ( – 1347)Part of the Kara-Khanid Khanate ( – 1212)Part of the Qara Khitai ( – 1218)Spring and Autumn period (771–473 BC), power was decentralized and the power of the king of Zhou was nominal. This period was marked by battles and annexations between some 170 small feudal statesDivided in Warring States (475–221 BC), the king of Zhou continued to play only a symbolic role, some feudal leaders proclaimed themselves kings and proclaimed themselves independent of the king of ZhouQin Empire (221–206 BC)Han Empire (206 BC – 220 AD)Kingdom of Minyue (334–111 BC)Kingdom of Nanyue (204–111 BC)Dian Kingdom (279–109 BC)Dong'ou (191–138 BC)Cheng dynasty (25–36)Divided in Three Kingdoms (220–280)Jin Empire (266–420)Divided in North and South dynasties (386–590)Sui Empire (581–618)Tang Empire (618–907)Yan dynasty (756–763)Divided in Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (907–960)Divided in Great Liao Empire (907–1125), Song Empire (960–1279) and Great Jin Empire (1115–1234)Part of the Mongol Empire (1206–1368)Eastern Liao (1213–1269)Eastern Xia (1215–1233)Four Great Native Chiefdoms of Guizhou: Luoshi Kingdom, Mu'ege, Chiefdom of Bozhou, Chiefdom of Shuidong and Chiefdom of Sizhou Great Yuan Empire"Civil Society in China: The Legal Framework from Ancient Times to the 'New Reform Era'", p39, note 69. (1271–1368)Western Xia Empire (1038–1227)Dali Kingdom (937–1253) and Dachanghe (902–928)The successor state of Nanzhao (937–1253)Great Ming Empire (1368–1644)Shun dynasty (1644–1646)Southern Ming (1644–1662) Great Qing EmpireMcKinley, William. "Second State of the Union Address". 5 December 1898. (1636–1912)Dzungar Khanate (1634–1755)Heavenly Kingdom of Great Peace (1851–1864) Republic of China (1912–1948) (1931–1937) Manchukuo (1932–1945), dependency of the Empire of Japan) Mengjiang (1939–1945) (dependency of the Empire of Japan) South Chahar Autonomous Government (1937–1939), dependency of the Empire of JapanNorth Shanxi Autonomous Government (1937–1939) (1949–present, state with limited recognition until 1971)Xinjiang

Xinjiang

Uyghur Khaganate (744–840)Jushi Kingdom Shule Kingdom (200 BC – 790)Kingdom of Khotan (56–1006)Kingdom of Kucha (111–648)ShanshanPart of the Chagatai Khanate ( – 1347)Part of the Kara-Khanid Khanate ( – 1212)Part of the Qara Khitai ( – 1218)Tuyuhun (284–670)Qocho Kingdom (843 – 14th century)Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom (894–1036)Yarkent Khanate (1514–1705) (1933–1934) (1944–1949) Tibet

Zhangzhung (500 BC – 625 AD)Tibetan Empire (618–842)Xiliangfu (906–1016)Era of Fragmentation (842–1253)Kingdom of Lingtsang (11th century – 1959)Kingdom of Powo (1330–1928)Phagmodrupa dynasty (1354–1618)Kingdom of Derge (15th century – 1956)Kingdom of Chakla (1407–1950)Rinpungpa (1435–1565)Namgyal dynasty of Ladakh (1460–1842)Tsangpa dynasty (1565–1642)Khoshut Khanate (1642–1717)Ganden Phodrang (1642–1959)

Island of Taiwan