The 1884 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 4, 1884, with four states holding theirs early between June and October. They coincided with the election of President Grover Cleveland. Elections were held for 325 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 38 states, to serve in the 49th United States Congress. Special elections were also held throughout the year.
In spite of Cleveland's victory, the opposition Republican Party gained back some of the seats lost in 1882, but the Democratic Party retained a majority in the House. Republicans were able to make these slight gains by connecting their pro-business and industry message with progress. The Democrats were also hindered by the Panic of 1884, but were not greatly affected by it since the depression ended quickly.
Election summaries + ↓ 183 1 141 Democratic Republican
StateTypeTotalseatsDemocraticRepublicanOthersSeatsChangeSeatsChange Seats Change Alabama District 8 8 0 0 Arkansas District 5 5 0 0 California District 6 1 5 5 5 0 Colorado At-large 1 0 1 0 Connecticut District 4 2 1 2 1 0 Delaware At-large 1 1 0 0 Florida District 2 2 1 0 1 0 Georgia District 10 10 0 0 Illinois District 20 10 1 10 1 0 Indiana District 13 9 4 0 Iowa District 11 3 1 7 1 1 Kansas District 7 0 7 0 Kentucky District 11 10 1 1 1 0 Louisiana District 6 5 1 0 Maine District 4 0 4 0 Maryland District 6 5 1 1 1 0 Massachusetts District 12 2 1 10 1 0 Michigan District 11 7 1 4 1 0 Minnesota District 5 0 5 0 Mississippi District 7 7 2 0 1 0 1 Missouri District 14 12 2 2 2 0 Nebraska District 3 0 3 0 Nevada At-large 1 0 1 1 1 0 New Hampshire District 2 0 2 0 New Jersey District 7 3 4 0 New York District 34 17 4 17 4 0 North Carolina District 9 8 1 1 1 0 Ohio District 21 11 2 10 2 0 Oregon At-large 1 0 1 0 Pennsylvania District+ at-large 28 8 4 20 5 0 1 Rhode Island District 2 0 2 0 South Carolina District 7 6 1 0 Tennessee District 10 7 1 3 1 0 Texas District 11 11 1 0 0 1 Vermont District 2 0 2 0 Virginia District 10 8 2 2 2 0 4 West Virginia District 4 3 1 0 Wisconsin District 9 2 4 7 4 0 Total 325 183 12 141 19 1 7
Early election dates
In 1884, four states, with 28 seats among them, held elections early:
June 2 Oregon September 2 Vermont September 13 Maine October 14 Ohio
Special elections
District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates James K. Jones 1880 Incumbent resigned February 19, 1885.New member elected September 7, 1885.Democratic hold Edmund W. M. Mackey Republican 1880 Incumbent died January 27, 1884.New member elected March 18, 1884.Republican hold. William H. Calkins Republican 1876 Incumbent resigned October 20, 1884.New member elected November 4, 1884.Anti-Monopoly gain.Winner was not a candidate for the next term; see below. John H. Evins Democratic 1876 Incumbent died October 20, 1884.New member elected November 12, 1884.Democratic hold.Winner was not a candidate for the next term; see below.
Alabama
! | James T. Jones | | Democratic | 1883 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Hilary A. Herbert | | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | William C. Oates | | Democratic | 1880 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | George Henry Craig | | Republican | 1882 | | Incumbent lost renomination and lost re-election as an Independent Republican.Democratic gain. | nowrap |
! | Thomas Williams | | Democratic | 1878 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap |
! | Goldsmith W. Hewitt | | Democratic | 1880 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap |
! | William H. Forney | | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Luke Pryor | | Democratic | 1882 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap |
Arkansas
! | Poindexter Dunn | | 1878 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Clifton R. BreckinridgeRedistricted from the | | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | James K. JonesRedistricted from the | | 1880 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | John H. RogersRedistricted from the | | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Samuel W. PeelRedistricted from the | | 1882 | | New seat.Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
California
Two new districts were created for the seats gained in the 1882 reapportionment, eliminating the that had been created for them.
! | Barclay Henley | | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! rowspan=2 | | Charles A. Sumner | | Democratic | 1882 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Republican gain. | rowspan=2 nowrap | |- | James Budd | | Democratic | 1882 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic loss.
! | John R. Glascock | | Democratic | 1882 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Republican gain. | nowrap |
! | William Rosecrans | | Democratic | 1880 | | Incumbent retired.Republican gain. | nowrap |
! | Pleasant B. Tully | | Democratic | 1882 | | Incumbent retired.Republican gain. | nowrap |
! | colspan=3 | None (new district) | | New district.Republican gain. | nowrap |
Colorado
! | James B. Belford | | Republican | 1884 | | Incumbent lost renomination.Republican hold. | nowrap |
Connecticut
! | William W. Eaton | | 1882 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Republican gain. | nowrap |
! | Charles L. Mitchell | | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | John T. Wait | | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Edward W. Seymour | | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
Delaware
! | Charles B. Lore | | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
Florida
District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates Robert H. M. Davidson Democratic 1876 Incumbent re-elected. Horatio Bisbee Jr. Republican 1880 Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain
Georgia
! | John C. Nicholls | | Democratic | 1882 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap |
! | Henry G. Turner | | Democratic | 1880 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Charles F. Crisp | | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Hugh Buchanan | | Democratic | 1880 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap |
! | Nathaniel J. Hammond | | Democratic | 1878 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! rowspan=2 | | James Henderson Blount | | Democratic | 1872 | Incumbent re-elected. | rowspan=2 nowrap | |- | Thomas Hardeman Jr. | | Democratic | 1882 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic loss.
! | Judson C. Clements | | Democratic | 1880 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Seaborn Reese | | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Allen D. Candler | | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | colspan=3 | None (new seat) | | New seat.Democratic gain | nowrap |
Illinois
! | Ransom W. Dunham | | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | John F. Finerty | | Independent Democratic | 1884 | | Incumbent lost re-election as Republican/Anti-Monopoly candidate.Democratic gain. | nowrap |
! | George R. Davis | | Republican | 1878 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic gain. | nowrap |
! | George E. Adams | | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Reuben Ellwood | | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Robert R. Hitt | | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Thomas J. Henderson | | Republican | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | William Cullen | | Republican | 1880 | | Incumbent lost renomination.Republican hold. | nowrap |
! | Lewis E. Payson | | Republican | 1880 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Nicholas E. Worthington | | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | William H. Neece | | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | James M. Riggs | | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | William McKendree Springer | | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Jonathan H. Rowell | | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Joseph Gurney Cannon | | Republican | 1872 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Aaron Shaw | | Democratic | 1882 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap |
! | Samuel W. Moulton | | Democratic | 1880 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap |
! | William Ralls Morrison | | Democratic | 1872 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Richard W. Townshend | | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | John R. Thomas | | Republican | 1878 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
Indiana
! | John J. Kleiner | | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Thomas R. Cobb | | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Strother M. Stockslager | | Democratic | 1880 | | Incumbent lost renomination.Democratic hold. | nowrap |
! | William S. Holman | | Democratic | 1880 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Courtland C. Matson | | Democratic | 1880 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Thomas M. Browne | | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | William E. English | | Democratic | 1882 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. | nowrap |
! | John E. Lamb | | Democratic | 1882 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Republican gain. | nowrap |
! | Thomas B. Ward | | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Thomas Jefferson Wood | | Democratic | 1882 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Republican gain. | nowrap |
! | George Washington Steele | | Republican | 1880 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Robert Lowry | | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Benjamin F. Shively | | Anti-Monopolist | 1884 | | Incumbent retired.Democratic gain. | nowrap |
Iowa
! | Moses A. McCoid | | Republican | 1878 | | Incumbent lost renomination.Democratic gain. | nowrap |
! | Jeremiah H. Murphy | | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | David B. Henderson | | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Luman Hamlin Weller | | Greenback | 1882 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Republican gain. | nowrap |
! | Benjamin T. Frederick | | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | John C. Cook | | Democratic | 1883 | | Incumbent lost renomination.Greenback gain. | nowrap |
! | Hiram Y. Smith | | Republican | 1884 | | Incumbent retired.Republican hold. | nowrap |
! | William P. Hepburn | | Republican | 1880 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | William H. M. Pusey | | Democratic | 1882 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Republican gain. | nowrap |
! | Adoniram J. Holmes | | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Isaac S. Struble | | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
Kansas
! | Edmund N. Morrill | | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Edward H. Funston | | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Bishop W. Perkins | | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Thomas Ryan | | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | John Alexander Anderson | | Republican | 1878 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Lewis Hanback | | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Samuel R. Peters | | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
Kentucky
! | Oscar Turner | | Independent Democratic | 1878 | | Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. | nowrap |
! | James F. Clay | | Democratic | 1882 | | Incumbent lost renomination.Democratic hold. | nowrap |
! | John E. Halsell | | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Thomas A. Robertson | | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | Albert S. Willis | | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected, | nowrap |
! | John G. Carlisle | | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. | nowrap |
! | J. C. S. Blackburn | | Democratic | 1874