Chesneau is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:
César Chesneau Dumarsais (1676–1756), French philosophe and grammarian Didier Chesneau (active from 1994), French guitarist, composer, sound engineer and director Jean Chesneau (), French writer and secretary to the French ambassador to the Ottoman Empire Michel Chesneau (before 1770 – after 1805), French naval officer who fought at the Battle of Trafalgar Olivier Chesneau (1972–2014), French astronomer Roger Chesneau (1925–2012), French steeplechaser who competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics
See also (6065) Chesneau, a main-belt minor planet