Rome and its metropolitan area has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa), with mild winters and hot summers. According to Troll-Paffen climate classification, Rome has a warm-temperate subtropical climate (Warmgemäßigt-subtropisches Zonenklima).Climatic map by Istituto Geografico De Agostini, according to Troll-Paffen climate classification According to Siegmund/Frankenberg climate classification, Rome has a subtropical climate.Die Klimatypen der Erde, Pädagogische Hochschule in Heidelberg.

Daylight Rome is more southerly than most cities in Europe, and the duration of daylight throughout the year is more similar to Chicago or New York City (all three at approximately 40°N) than Berlin (~52°N) or Paris (48°N). Days in winter are not as short as in northern Europe, and the average duration of daylight in December, January and February is 10 hours (for comparison: London or Moscow or Warsaw – about 8 hours). +Average hours of daylightRome Climate, weather2travel.com. Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec hours of light 10 11 12 13 15 15 15 14 12 11 10 9 hours of Twilight/Night 14 13 12 11 9 9 9 10 12 13 14 15

Sunshine and UV index Sunshine duration is about 2,500-2,700 hours per year, from 147 – average 4.7 hours of sunshine per day in December to 338 – average 10.9 hours of sunshine per day in July. With the exception of Madrid, Lisbon and Athens, Rome has the highest UV index between European capitals (only in the continent) and values close to that of Chicago at 41.9 °N as ultraviolet radiation is less interfered with by other geographic variables, but with a moderate annual average with index equal to 5, which allows direct exposure to the sun at some times of the year. Values range from 1 (December) to 9 (July).

Sea temperature

+Average sea temperature (Civitavecchia, north of Rome centre):Monthly Civitavecchia water temperature chart, seatemperature.org.JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear +Average sea temperature (Tor San Lorenzo, south of Rome centre):Monthly Tor San Lorenzo water temperature chart, seatemperature.org.JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear

Climatic data Recent data 1991-2020 period

Old data

1971-2000 period

1961-1990 period

See also Climate of Ancient Rome

References