The 1974 World Team Tennis season was the inaugural season of the top professional team tennis league in the United States. The Denver Racquets defeated the Philadelphia Freedoms in the WTT Finals to win the league's first championship.
Competition format The 1974 World Team Tennis season included 16 teams split into two divisions (Eastern and Western). The Eastern Division was further split into two sections (Atlantic and Central) which each had four teams. The Western Division was also split into two sections (Gulf Plains and Pacific) which also had four teams each. Each team played a 44-match regular-season schedule with 22 home and 22 away matches. The section champions and the two teams in each division with the best records among non section champions qualified for the division championship semifinals. The team with the best record among playoff qualifiers from the division played the team with the fourth best record in the semifinals. The teams with the second and third best records played each other in the semifinals. Teams were not given preference in seeding based on being champions of their section. The semifinal winners met the other semifinals winners from their own division to determine the division champions. The division champions met in the World Team Tennis Final.
At the start of the season, each match comprised two sets of men's singles, two sets of women's singles and two sets of mixed doubles. No men's doubles or women's doubles were played. The mixed doubles sets were played as the third and sixth sets. The coach of the home team decided whether to play men's or women's singles first and fourth or second and fifth. WTT changed the match format on May 18, 1974, to one set each of men's singles, women's singles, men's doubles, women's doubles and mixed doubles, because of concern that the matches were taking too long. The order of play was women's doubles first, men's doubles third and mixed doubles fifth. The coach of the home team decided whether men's or women's singles would be played second or fourth. Games were decided by the first player or doubles team to reach four points with no-ad scoring. Each set ended when one team had won either six or seven games and had an advantage over its opponent of at least two games. Sets that were tied 6–6 were decided by a tiebreaker. Set tiebreaker games were nine total points with the first player or doubles team to reach five the winner. An advantage of only one point was needed to win a tiebreaker game. Matches could end when one team built an insurmountable lead. For example, if a team had a 24–17 lead after four sets, the fifth set (mixed doubles) would not be played. If a team had a 22–19 lead after four sets, the match could end if the leading team won four games in the fifth set, since it would be impossible for the trailing team to make up the three-game deficit that existed when the set started. If the match was tied at the end of five sets, a super tiebreaker game was played between the mixed doubles teams using the same format as the set tiebreaker games. Teams often agreed to play dead sets even if the outcome of the match had already been decided or to play sets to completion when the outcome of the match was decided within that set.
Playoff matchups in the division semifinals and division championship series were played in two legs with each team hosting one match and the cumulative score determining the winner. The higher seed had the choice to host either the first or the second match. Should the cumulative score be tied after the conclusion of the second match, a series tiebreaker game was played to determine the series winner. The WTT Finals were a best-of-three series. The lower seed hosted the first match. The higher seed hosted the second match and the third, if necessary.
Charter franchises and relocation
On May 22, 1973, WTT announced the formation of the league with the following 16 franchises:
Team Founder(s) Boston Raymond Ciccolo Chicago Jordon H. Kaiser, Walter Kaiser Cincinnati Bill DeWitt, Jr., Brian Heekin Denver Bud Fischer, Frank Goldberg, Ben Press Detroit Seymour Brode, Marshall Greenspan Houston E.Z. Jones, Betty Jones Los Angeles Dennis Murphy, Fred Barman, Jerry Fine, Jerry Buss Minnesota Lee Meade, Len Vannelli, John Finley New York Jerry Saperstein Philadelphia Dick Butera, Ken Butera Phoenix Gary Davidson Pittsburgh Triangles John H. Hillman, III, William Sutton, Chuck Reichblum St. Louis Ted Cohen, Butch Buchholz San Diego Dr. Leonard Bloom San Francisco Larry King, Cathie Anderson Buffalo John F. Bassett, John C. Eaton, III
As shown in the above table, the Pittsburgh Triangles had a team name from the time the franchise was chartered.
On May 30, 1973, the San Diego franchise announced that it had adopted the name San Diego Swingers.
Before the WTT inaugural draft on August 3, 1973, the St. Louis franchise had relocated and was referred to as the Miami franchise at the draft.
Also before the draft, the Cincinnati franchise had been sold to Joseph Zingale and relocated to Cleveland.
Finally, by the time the inaugural draft took place, the San Francisco franchise had adopted the name the Golden Gate Otters and was referred to as the Golden Gate franchise during the draft.
On August 21, 1973, the New York franchise announced it had adopted the name New York Sets.
By September 1973, the Los Angeles franchise had been named the Los Angeles Strings.
Before the start of the 1974 season, the Phoenix franchise was sold to Howard Fine, Gerald Klauber, Joseph Rivkin and Robert E. Bradley, Jr. who moved it to Baltimore.
Also before the start of the 1974 season, the San Diego Swingers were sold to Don Kelleher who moved them to Honolulu.
Finally, before the start of the 1974 season, the Golden Gate Otters decided to simply call the team the Golden Gaters in dealings with the public. Since it would have been absurd to call the team the Golden Gate Golden Gaters, and the league used a location to identify all its teams, WTT reverted to using San Francisco, the location for which the original charter was issued, when referring to the team. They were listed in official WTT standings as the San Francisco Golden Gaters.
The remaining charter franchises adopted names before the start of the 1974 season. The team identification and naming history of the 16 charter franchises from the founding of WTT to the start of the inaugural season is as follows: Boston → Boston Lobsters Chicago → Chicago Aces Cincinnati → Cleveland → Cleveland Nets Denver → Denver Racquets Detroit → Detroit Loves Houston → Houston E-Z Riders Los Angeles → Los Angeles Strings Minnesota → Minnesota Buckskins New York → New York Sets Philadelphia → Philadelphia Freedoms Phoenix → Baltimore Banners Pittsburgh Triangles St. Louis → Miami → Florida Flamingos San Diego → San Diego Swingers → Honolulu Swingers → Hawaii Leis San Francisco → Golden Gate Otters → San Francisco Golden Gaters Buffalo → Toronto-Buffalo Royals
Inaugural draft WTT conducted a lottery to determine the order of selection for its inaugural draft held on August 3, 1973. The selection order determined as a result of the lottery was used for odd-numbered rounds, and it was reversed for even-numbered rounds. Each team was entitled to select 20 players. Teams that could sign players to contracts before the draft had to identify these players as preferential choices and use their earliest picks on the players signed. The players selected in the first 10 rounds of the draft are shown in the tables below.
First round Player chosen 1 Miami Chris Evert 2 Boston Kerry Melville 3 San Diego Swingers Rod Laver 4 Phoenix Jimmy Connors 5 Pittsburgh Triangles Ken Rosewall 6 Detroit Rosemary Casals 7 Houston John Newcombe 8 Golden Gate Otters Margaret Court 9 Los Angeles John Alexander 10 New York Roy Emerson 11 Minnesota Linda Tuero 12 Philadelphia Billie Jean King 13 Cleveland Björn Borg 14 Chicago Marty Riessen 15 Toronto Tom Okker 16 Denver Tony Roche
Second round Player chosen 1 Denver Françoise Dürr 2 Toronto Marita Redondo 3 Chicago Julie Heldman 4 Cleveland Nancy Gunter 5 Philadelphia Fred Stolle 6 Minnesota Owen Davidson 7 New York Pam Teeguarden 8 Los Angeles Valerie Ziegenfuss 9 Golden Gate Otters Frew McMillan 10 Houston Dick Stockton 11 Detroit Brian Gottfried 12 Pittsburgh Triangles Evonne Goolagong 13 Phoenix Betty Stöve 14 San Diego Swingers Karen Hantze Susman 15 Boston Nikola Pilić 16 Miami Roscoe Tanner
Third round Player chosen 1 Miami Frank Froehling 2 Boston Roger Taylor 3 San Diego Swingers Wendy Overton 4 Phoenix Janet Newberry 5 Pittsburgh Triangles Harold Solomon 6 Detroit Kerry Harris 7 Houston Karen Krantzcke 8 Golden Gate Otters Dennis Ralston 9 Los Angeles Julie Anthony 10 New York Sandy Mayer 11 Minnesota Stan Smith 12 Philadelphia Brian Fairlie 13 Cleveland Raymond Moore 14 Chicago Bob Lutz 15 Toronto Pierre Barthès 16 Denver Erik van Dillen
Fourth round Player chosen 1 Denver Kris Kemmer Shaw 2 Toronto Lesley Hunt 3 Chicago Judy Tegart Dalton 4 Cleveland Clark and Carole Graebner 5 Philadelphia Cliff Drysdale 6 Minnesota Pat Walkden-Pretorius 7 New York Cliff Richey 8 Los Angeles Ross Case 9 Golden Gate Otters Tom Gorman 10 Houston Lesley Turner Bowrey 11 Detroit Phil Dent 12 Pittsburgh Triangles Vitas Gerulaitis 13 Phoenix Bob Carmichael 14 San Diego Swingers Ilie Năstase 15 Boston Sharon Walsh 16 Miami Marcie Louie
Fifth round Player chosen 1 Miami Adriano Panatta 2 Boston Paul Gerken 3 San Diego Swingers Jan Kodeš 4 Phoenix Barry Phillips-Moore 5 Pittsburgh Triangles Laura duPont 6 Detroit Virginia Wade 7 Houston Helen Gourlay 8 Golden Gate Otters Ann Kiyomura 9 Los Angeles Vijay Amritraj() 10 New York Arthur Ashe 11 Minnesota Bob Hewitt 12 Philadelphia Laura Rossouw 13 Cleveland Peaches Bartkowicz 14 Chicago Ray Ruffels 15 Toronto Karl Meiler 16 Denver Andrew Pattison
Sixth round Player chosen 1 Denver Colin Dibley 2 Toronto Raúl Ramírez 3 Chicago Janet Young 4 Cleveland Pancho Gonzales 5 Philadelphia Tory Fretz 6 Minnesota Brenda Kirk 7 New York Barbara Downs 8 Los Angeles Kathy Kuykendall 9 Golden Gate Otters Jürgen Fassbender 10 Houston Bill Bowrey 11 Detroit Allan Stone 12 Pittsburgh Triangles Mona Schallau 13 Phoenix Janice Metcalf 14 San Diego Swingers Alex Metreveli() 15 Boston Jeanne Evert 16 Miami Patrice Dominguez
Seventh round Player chosen 1 Miami Patti Hogan 2 Boston Mike Estep 3 San Diego Swingers Maria Bueno 4 Phoenix Joyce Williams 5 Pittsburgh Triangles Jeff Borowiak 6 Detroit Mary-Ann Beattie 7 Houston Ceci Martinez 8 Golden Gate Otters Jim McManus 9 Los Angeles Geoff Masters 10 New York Kazuko Sawamatsu() 11 Minnesota Patrick Proisy 12 Philadelphia Laurie Fleming 13 Cleveland Bill Lloyd 14 Chicago Billy Martin 15 Toronto Helga Masthoff 16 Denver Alex Olmedo
Eighth round Player chosen 1 Denver Stephanie Johnson 2 Toronto Laurie Tenney 3 Chicago Marie Neumanová 4 Cleveland Onny Parun 5 Philadelphia Buster Mottram 6 Minnesota Corrado Barazzutti 7 New York Haroon Rahim 8 Los Angeles Kathy May 9 Golden Gate Otters Ilana Kloss 10 Houston Bob McKinley 11 Detroit Corinne Molesworth 12 Pittsburgh Triangles Kathy Blake 13 Phoenix Dick Crealy 14 San Diego Swingers Roy Barth 15 Boston Ismail El Shafei() 16 Miami Mark Cox
Ninth round Player chosen 1 Miami Olga Morozova() 2 Boston Patricia Bostrom 3 San Diego Swingers Ann Haydon-Jones 4 Phoenix Lost draft choice 5 Pittsburgh Triangles Pat DuPré 6 Detroit Jaime Fillol 7 Houston Ray Keldie 8 Golden Gate Otters Susan Mehmedbasich 9 Los Angeles Leif Johansson 10 New York Gene Scott 11 Minnesota Nathalie Fuchs 12 Philadelphia Dianne Fromholtz 13 Cleveland Katja Ebbinghaus 14 Chicago Bobby Riggs 15 Toronto Guillermo Vilas 16 Denver Pam Austin
Tenth round