Representative continental flood basalts (also known as traps) and oceanic plateaus, together forming a listing of large igneous provinces:
Era Period Epoch Age Start, mya Event Notes Cenozoic Quaternary Holocene 0.0117 Pleistocene Upper 0.126 Middle 0.781 Australasian strewnfieldLake Bosumtwiestimated to be 1.07 mya Brunhes–Matuyama reversal (778.7 ± 1.9)Jaramillo reversal (1.07) Calabrian 1.806* Olduvai reversal Gelasian 2.588* Chilcotin Plateau Basalts Ice ageGauss-Matuyama reversal (2.588) Neogene Pliocene Piacenzian/Blancan 3.600* Gilbert-Gauss geomagnetic reversal (3.32) Zanclean 5.333* Zanclean flood (5.333) Miocene Messinian 7.246* Chilcotin Plateau Basalts Tortonian 11.62* Serravallian 13.82* Langhian 15.97 M. Miocene disruption (14.8–14.5)Columbia River Basalt GroupChilcotin Plateau Basalts Increased Antarctic deep watersYellowstone hotspotNördlinger Ries (14.5-14.3) Burdigalian 20.44 Aquitanian 23.03* Shield volcanoes of Ethiopia Antarctic ice sheet completed Paleogene Oligocene Chattian 28.1 Ethiopian and Yemen traps (31–30) Fish Canyon Tuff (27.51) Rupelian 33.9* Chesapeake Bay impact crater (35.5) Antarctic ice sheet expandsEocene–Oligocene extinction event Eocene Priabonian 38.0 Bartonian 41.3 Lutetian 47.8* Antarctic ice sheet begins formation Ypresian 56.0* N. Atlantic IP Phase II (56–54)(Brito-Arctic province) (~56) Paleocene Thanetian 59.2* Selandian 61.6* N. Atlantic IP (62–58)(Brito-Arctic province) (~61)(Thulean Plateau) Iceland hotspot Danian 65.5 ± 0.3* Chicxulub Crater (65.5 ± 0.3)Deccan Traps (65.5 ± 0.3) Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction eventShiva crater Mesozoic Cretaceous Upper Maastrichtian 72.1 ± 0.2* Campanian 83.6 ± 0.2 Caribbean LIP (76-74)Caribbean LIP (82-80) Santonian 86.3 ± 0.5 Coniacian 89.8 ± 0.3 High Arctic LIP (~90-80)Caribbean LIP (90-88)Ontong Java Plateau Galápagos hotspot Turonian 93.5 ± 0.8* Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event (91.5 ± 8.6)Madagascar flood basalt (94.5±1.2) Cenomanian 100.5* Lower Albian c. 113.0 Kerguelen Plateau (110)Rajmahal Traps (118) Kerguelen hotspot Aptian c. 125.0 Selli Event (~120)Ontong Java Plateau (125–120) Louisville hotspot Barremian c. 129.4 High Arctic LIP (130-120) Hauterivian c. 132.9Abor volcanics (135)Kerguelen hotspot Valanginian c. 139.8 Paraná and Etendeka traps (138-128) Tristan hotspot Berriasian c. 145.0 GlaciationsEnd-Jurassic extinction Jurassic Upper Tithonian 152.1 ± 0.9 Kimmeridgian 157.3 ± 1.0 Oxfordian 163.5 ± 1.0 Middle Callovian 166.1 ± 1.2 Bathonian 168.3 ± 1.3* Bajocian 170.3 ± 1.4* Aalenian 174.1 ± 1.0* Lower Toarcian 182.7 ± 0.7 early Toarcian anoxic eventKaroo-Ferrar (~183) Pliensbachian-Toarcian extinctionFormed as Gondwana broke up Pliensbachian 190.8 ± 1.0* Sinemurian 199.3 ± 0.3* C. Atlantic magmatic province(Recurrent)(197±1) Hettangian 201.3 ± 0.2* Central Atlantic magmatic province (199.5±0.5) Formed as Pangea broke upTriassic–Jurassic extinction event Triassic Upper Rhaetian c. 208.5 Norian c. 228 Wrangellia flood basalts (231–225) Carnian pluvial episode Carnian c. 235* Middle Ladinian c. 242* Anisian 247.2 Lower Olenekian 251.2 Induan 252.2 ± 0.5* Siberian Traps (252.6) Permian–Triassic extinction event Paleozoic Permian Lopingian Changhsingian 254.2 ± 0.1* Wuchiapingian 259.9 ± 0.4* Emeishan Traps (258) End-Capitanian/Guadalupian Extinction Guadalupian Capitanian 265.1 ± 0.4* Wordian/Kazanian 268.8 ± 0.5* Roadian/Ufimian 272.3 ± 0.5* Olson's Extinction Cisuralian Kungurian 279.3 ± 0.6 Artinskian 290.1 ± 0.1 Sakmarian 295.5 ± 0.4 Asselian 298.9 ± 0.2* Skagerrak-Centered LIP (297±4 Ma) Pangaea Carbon-iferous/Pennsyl-vanian Upper Gzhelian 303.7 ± 0.1 Kasimovian 307.0 ± 0.1 Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse (~305) Middle Moscovian 315.2 ± 0.2 Lower Bashkirian 323.2 ± 0.4* Carbon-iferous/Missis-sippian Upper Serpukhovian 330.9 ± 0.2 Middle Viséan 346.7 ± 0.4* Lower Tournaisian 358.9 ± 0.4* Hangenberg event (358.9 ± 0.4) Late Devonian extinction Devonian Upper Famennian 372.2 ± 1.6* Kellwasser_event (372.2 ± 1.6)Viluy traps (373.4 ± 0.7) Late Devonian extinction Frasnian 382.7 ± 1.6* Middle Givetian 387.7 ± 0.8* Eifelian 393.3 ± 1.2* Lower Emsian 407.6 ± 2.6* Pragian 410.8 ± 2.8* Lochkovian 419.2 ± 3.2* Silurian Pridoli (Stage 8) 423.0 ± 2.3* Lau event (423.0 ± 2.3) Ludlow/Cayugan Ludfordian 425.6 ± 0.9* Gorstian 427.4 ± 0.5* Mulde event (427.4 ± 0.5) Wenlock Homerian/Lockportian 430.5 ± 0.7* Sheinwoodian/Tonawandan 433.4 ± 0.8* Ireviken event (433.4 ± 2.3) Llandovery/Alexandrian Telychian/Ontarian 438.5 ± 1.1* Aeronian 440.8 ± 1.2* Rhuddanian 443.4 ± 1.5* Ordovician–Silurian extinction event Ordovician Upper Hirnantian 445.2 ± 1.4* Pre-Devonian Traps (~445) Katian 453.0 ± 0.7* Sandbian 458.4 ± 0.9* Middle Darriwilian 467.3 ± 1.1* Dapingian 470.0 ± 1.4* Lower Floian(formerly Arenig) 477.7 ± 1.4* Tremadocian 485.4 ± 1.9* Cambrian Furongian Stage 10 c. 489.5 Cambrian–Ordovician extinction event Jiangshanian c. 494* Paibian c. 497* Series 3 Guzhangian c. 500.5* Drumian c. 504.5* Stage 5 c. 509 Series 2 Stage 4 c. 514 Stage 3 c. 521 Terreneuvian Stage 2 c. 529 Cambrian explosion Fortunian 541.0 ± 1.0* End-Ediacaran extinction Neo-proterozoic Ediacaran c. 635* Long Range dikes (620) Formed during the creation of the Iapetus Ocean Cryogenian 850 Franklin LIP (716.5) Snowball Earth Tonian 1000 Warakurna LIP (~1075) Meso-proterozoic Stenian 1200 Midcontinent Rift System (~1100)Mackenzie LIP (~1270) Rodinia Ectasian 1400 Calymmian 1600 Paleo-proterozoic Statherian 1800 Circum-Superior Belt (1884-1864)Winagami sill complex (1890-1760) Orosirian 2050 Kapuskasing and Marathon dike swarm (2126-2101)Fort Frances dike swarm (2076-2067)Vredefort impact structure (2023±4) Rhyacian 2300 Ungava magmatic event Huronian glaciation (2220) Siderian 2500 Matachewan dike swarm (2500-2450)Mistassini dike swarm (2500) Great Oxygenation Event Neoarchean 2800 Mesoarchean 3200 Paleoarchean 3600 Kaapvaal craton (3600-3700) Vaalbara Eoarchean Early Imbrian c. 3850 Nectarian c. 3920 Lunar basins form Basin Groups c. 4150 Acasta Gneiss Late Heavy Bombardment Cryptic c. 4600 Oldest minerals. Earth's surface solidifies.
See also List of Oceanic Landforms World's largest eruptions
Footnotes
References