Northrop Grumman MQ-8C Fire Scout

The Northrop Grumman MQ-8C Fire Scout (known as the Fire-X during development) is an unmanned helicopter developed by Northrop Grumman for use by the United States Navy. The MQ-8C has autonomous take-off and landing capability. It is designed to provide reconnaissance, situational awareness, aerial fire support and precision targeting support for ground, air and sea forces.

The MQ-8C airframe is based on the Bell 407, with the avionics and other systems developed from the MQ-8B Fire Scout. It first flew in October 2013$1726.1m remains to be spent on procurement with 96 airframes to be acquired which will all be MQ-8C, the total budget mixes in cheaper MQ-8B's. and achieved initial operational capability in June 2019.MQ-8C Cleared for Operations. Aviation International News. 10 July 2019.

Design and development

In May 2010, Northrop Grumman announced plans to fly a Bell 407 helicopter modified with autonomous controls from the MQ-8B. Named Fire-X, it was to demonstrate an unmanned cargo resupply capability to the US Navy."Northrop offers Fire-X concept for unmanned resupply". Flightglobal.com, May 4, 2010. In December 2010, the unmanned Fire-X completed its first flight at Yuma Proving Ground in Arizona."Fire-X first flight revives team’s bid for cargo UAS market". Flightglobal.com, December 16, 2010. In April 2012, Northrop Grumman received a $262.3 million contract from the Navy to build the newly designated MQ-8C Fire Scout. The work included two developmental aircraft and six low-rate production aircraft initially. The Navy wanted 28 MQ-8Cs for naval special operations forces."Northrop contracted to build new Firescout variant". Flightglobal.com, April 24, 2012.

In March 2013, the Navy incorporated the Rolls-Royce 250-C47E engine into the MQ-8C for a 5 percent increase in hot and high power, 2 percent reduced fuel consumption, 8 percent increase in rated takeoff power, and better reliability.Rolls-Royce Launches Latest M250 Engine Variant - Rolls-Royce.com, March 4, 2013 The Bell 407-based MQ-8C has an endurance of 12 hours, a range of , and a payload capacity of about .VIDEO: MQ-8C flies from USN destroyer - Flightglobal.com, December 24, 2014 It has twice the endurance and three times the payload as the MQ-8B.

In early July 2013, Northrop Grumman delivered the first MQ-8C to the Navy. Ground testing was done to ensure that the systems worked properly and communicated with the ground control station prior to conducting the first flight. The MQ-8C shares software, avionics, payloads, and ship ancillary equipment with the MQ-8B.First Upgraded MQ-8C Fire Scout Delivered to U.S. Navy - Northrop Grumman press release, July 19, 2013 The MQ-8C was expected to fly in early October 2013, and be deployed in late 2014. The APKWS II was to be added to the C-model sometime after 2016,Northrop close to completing Firescout weapon tests - Flightglobal.com, 14 August 2013Fire Scout ends Afghan mission; future includes new variant, LCS work - Militarytimes.com, August 16, 2013 but ship integration issues and limited magazine space put the effort on hold,Weaponization of unmanned Fire Scout helicopter ‘on hiatus’ until 2023. Defense News. 9 April 2018. and it was eventually discarded.Navy Declares Unmanned MQ-8C Fire Scout Helicopter Mission Capable. USNI News. 9 July 2019.

In September 2013, the MQ-8C Fire-X delivered to the Navy turned on its engines for 10 minutes in preparation for first flight. First flight was scheduled for early to mid-October, although the exact date was not determined, as such tests are often delayed by minor system problems. The MQ-8C flight test regime was for six months.Northrop Grumman MQ-8C makes first engine runs - Flightglobal.com, September 24, 2013

The MQ-8C Fire Scout first flew on 31 October 2013. It flew for 7 minutes in restricted airspace using autonomous controls at Naval Base Ventura County. It flew a second time hours later that day to an altitude of 500 ft. The MQ-8C was jointly operated by Northrop Grumman and the Navy.VIDEO: MQ-8C Fire Scout completes first flight - Flightglobal.com, November 1, 2013 Northrop Grumman delivered the second MQ-8C in November 2013. They were under contract to build 14 helicopters.Navy receives second MQ-8C - Flightglobal.com, November 25, 2013

In December 2014, the MQ-8C began testing aboard the destroyer , executing 22 landings and recoveries in less than four hours. - Nationaldefensemagazine.org, 17 December 2014 Testing was completed on 19 December, executing 32 takeoffs and recoveries over three flights.Video The MQ-8C will be ready to perform surface warfare missions in 2018 and mine countermeasure missions in 2020.Rocket firings planned for Fire Scout - Shephardmedia.com, February 24, 2015 The aircraft's first deployment is expected for 2016 to give Littoral Combat Ships a -radius ISR capability.

Northrop Grumman flew the MQ-8C demonstrator installed with their AN/ZPY-1 STARLite Radar, although there was no requirement for an MQ-8C radar at the time. In July 2014, the Navy began seeking information for a radar for the MQ-8C, with surface search, synthetic aperture radar, inverse SAR, and weather mode capabilities.New radar sought for MQ-8C - Flightglobal.com, July 22, 2014 Although the AN/ZPY-4 has been installed on some B-model Fire Scouts, the larger C-model can accommodate a larger and more powerful radar.Fire Scout Grows Up: Drone Getting Radar, Rockets, 2016 IOC - Breakingdefense.com, December 17, 2014 The Fire Scout program office investigated whether to equip the airframe to perform more missions, or to focus on manned-unmanned teaming with larger MH-60S/R Seahawk helicopters.Navy seeks maritime radar for Northrop MQ-8C Fire Scout - Flightglobal.com, 4 September 2015

In May 2016, NAVAIR signed a contract for the Osprey 30 lightweight AESA radar for the MQ-8C, the first system of its type to offer full spherical coverage with no moving parts.Osprey radar selected for MQ-8C Fire Scout - Flightglobal.com, 10 June 2016 The 360-degree, airborne radar uses fixed panels distributed around the body of aircraft, mounting antennas weighing just over each.Italian Radar To Equip US Navy's Fire Scout Drones - Defensenews.com, 10 June 2016 The radar is classified as the AN/ZPY-8 and will be retrofitted onto the Navy's MQ-8C's.

In December 2014, the first operational MQ-8C was delivered to the US Navy. Its final developmental flight was completed in April 2015, after 450 hours completed in 327 flights.Photo release: MQ-8C Fire Scout completes developmental flight test - NAVAIR.Navy.mil, 4 May 2015 In August 2015, Northrop Grumman demonstrated the MQ-8C's endurance with an 11-hour flight.US Navy MQ-8C Fire Scout Demonstrates Flight Endurance of More Than Ten Hours - Deagel.com, 25 August 2015 In November 2015, the MQ-8C completed a 3-week operational assessment period to assess system performance, endurance, and reliability of the unmanned helicopter over 83.4 hours in 11 flights. To date, the aircraft logged 730 flight hours over 427 flights. Ship-based testing is expected to begin in 2017. In July 2018, Air Test and Evaluation Squadron 1 concluded the initial operational test and evaluation of the MQ-8C, conducted aboard the USS Coronado.

In June 2019, the MQ-8C was declared mission capable. In tandem with a change in focus for the LCS involving increasing the ship's lethality, the MQ-8C's role was changed to focus on providing targeting and surveillance data. While the helicopter could carry 7-tube APKWS guided rocket pods, the LCS only has one weapons magazine used to store all the ship's weapons and didn't provide much space for loading weapons onto the aircraft. Instead of being a weapons platform, the MQ-8C will use its long endurance and radar to provide the LCS with enhanced over-the-horizon targeting capabilities.

By January 2023, the U.S. Navy had procured 38 MQ-8Cs. 10 are used for operations while the rest are kept in storage. All are kept on the West Coast operated by Helicopter Sea Combat Squadrons 21 and 23 to support the MCM package of Independence-class LCS.

Retirement As of May 2024, the Navy will end operational employment of the MQ-8C at the end of FY2024. Sundown will follow at the end of FY2026.

Operators

United States Navy

Specifications

Northrop Grumman MQ-8C Fire Scout

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