The Jing-Jin-Ji cluster is an expanded urban agglomeration consisting of Beijing (Jing), Tianjin (Jin), and Hebei (Ji). It is the biggest urban agglomeration region in North China, including an economic region surrounding the municipalities of Beijing and Tianjin, and along the coast of the Bohai Sea. This emerging region is rising as a northern metropolitan region rivaling the Pearl River Delta in the south and the Yangtze River Delta in the east. In 2020, it had a total population of 110 million people, comparable to that of the Philippines.
Economy Area (km2) Population (2020) GDP (CN¥) GDP (US$) Beijing (Jing) 16,411 21,893,095 CN¥ 5,207.300 billion US$699.876 billion Tianjin (Jin) 11,946 13,866,009 CN¥ 1,853.982 billion US$253.090 billion Hebei (Ji) 188,800 74,610,235 CN¥ 4,930.520 billion US$667.353 billion Jingjinji Urban Agglomeration 217,156 110,369,339 CN¥ 11.992 trillion US$1.679 trillion
As of 2025, the region's GDP is CN¥12 trillion (US$1.7 trillion), slightly larger than Turkey.GDP-2022 is a preliminary data It occupied an area about twice the size of South Korea. Jingjinji had traditionally been involved in heavy industries and manufacturing. Tianjin's strengths have always been in aviation, logistics, and shipping. Beijing complements this economic activity with strong petrochemical, education, and R&D industries. The area is becoming a significant growth cluster for automobile, electronics, petrochemical sectors, automotive industry, software and aircraft, thus attracting foreign investments in manufacturing and health services.Regional Definition: Bohai Sea Unep.Org Retrieved 2010-01-09Tianjin at a Glance uschina.org Retrieved 2010-01-09
The Chinese central government has made it a priority to integrate all the cities in the Bohai Bay rim and foster economic development. This includes building an advanced communications network, better highways, increased education, and scientific resources, as well as tapping natural resources off the Bohai rim.Gain a strategic advantage in the Bohai Bay region sdic.com.cn 2007-06-11 Retrieved 2010-01-16 In 2016, the Central Government approved a US$36-billion plan to link the various cities making up this metropolis by rail in order to reduce commute times and to better integrate them. This plan includes the construction of nine railways that are in length, which are set to be completed by 2020. The long-term goal is to create a one-hour commuting region; an additional 24 intercity railways are planned to be built before 2050.
In recent decades, petroleum and natural gas deposits have been discovered in the Jingjinji region's coast of the Bohai sea.
Metropolitan areas
In 2013-2014, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Xi Jinping gave directives on coordinating development in the region, elevating development strategies in the region to be a national priority. In particular, planning strategies sought to alleviate development pressure in Beijing. The desire to alleviate the development pressure of Beijing's increasing non-capital functions was formalized in the June 2015 Outline Plan for Coordinated Development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and subsequently resulted in the establishment of Xiong'an. Xiong'an is where Beijing's non-capital functions, such as universities, research institutes, and high-tech innovation centers are planned to be transferred over time. Metropolitan areaChineseCities and districtsUrban populationBeijing metropolitan areaBeijing16,858,692Tianjin metropolitan areaTianjin, Binhai, Baodi, Jinghai, Jizhou, Ninghe10,277,893Shijiazhuang metropolitan areaShijiazhuang, Jinzhou, Xinji, Xinle3,823,504Baoding-Xiong'an metropolitan areaBaoding, Xiong'an, Anguo,Dingzhou, Gaobeidian, Zhuozhou3,056,000Tangshan metropolitan areaTangshan2,237,317
Major cities Jingjinji includes the Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei provinces. Major cities in these municipalities and provinces include: CityPinyinPopulation ImageInformationCity Map Beijing 19,612,368 Beijing is a metropolis in northern China and the capital of the People's Republic of China. Beijing is governed as a municipality under the direct administration of the central government. Beijing is China's second-largest city after Shanghai; more than 17 million people in Beijing's jurisdiction. Tianjin 12,938,224 The third-largest city of the People's Republic of China in terms of the urban population. Administratively it is one of the four municipalities that have provincial-level status, reporting directly to the central government. Its urban land area is the third-largest in China, ranked only after Beijing and Shanghai. Baoding 10,029,197 Baoding is the third-largest city in Hebei Province, ranked after Shijiazhuang and Tangshan. The city is located in the center of the Beijing-Tianjin-Shijiazhuang Economic Triangle, with good transportation connections and close commuting distances to its nearby major cities. The newly established Xiong'an New Area aims to be a high-tech, environmentally sustainable, modern metropolis and serves as a new hub for some administrative departments. Logistics bases in northern China are within the city limits of Baoding. Shijiazhuang 9,547,869 Shijiazhuang is the capital of Hebei, as well as the third-largest city in Jingjinji, after Beijing and Tianjin. Tangshan 7,577,284 Tangshan, a coastal city along the Bohai Bay and neighboring Tianjin, is the second-largest city in Hebei, after Shijiazhuang. It is also known for the 1976 Tangshan earthquake. Cangzhou 7,134,053 A city in south-east Hebei on the coast of the Bohai Sea coast. It borders Tianjin to the north. Langfang 4,358,839 Langfang is located between Beijing and Tianjin and contains the Sanhe exclave, which is separate from the rest of Hebei. Zhangjiakou 4,345,491 A city in north-west Hebei. It borders Beijing to the southeast. Chengde 3,473,197 A city in northeast Hebei, best known for the Chengde Mountain Resort and the base dialect for the Standard Mandarin Chinese language. Qinhuangdao 2,987,605 A city in north-east coastal Hebei, best known for the Beidaihe.
Transportation Air Major airports Beijing Capital International Airport Beijing Daxing International Airport Tianjin Binhai International Airport Shijiazhuang Zhengding International Airport
Regional airports Chengde Puning Airport Qinhuangdao Beidaihe Airport Tangshan Sannühe Airport Zhangjiakou Ningyuan Airport
Road There are many major highways servicing the routes within Jingjinji area. This includes the following expressways:
Jingjintang Expressway, from Beijing, through Tianjin's urban area, to Binhai / TEDA Jinghu Expressway, from Jinjing Gonglu Bridge to Shanghai (together with Jingjintang Expressway, this is the expressway from Beijing to Shanghai) Jingshen Expressway, through Baodi District on its way from Beijing to Shenyang Jingshi Expressway, from Beijing, to Shijiazhuang Baojin Expressway, from Beichen District, Tianjin, to Baoding, Hebei -- known in Tianjin as the Jinbao Expressway Jinbin Expressway, from Zhangguizhuang Bridge to Hujiayuan Bridge, both within Tianjin Jinji Expressway, from central Tianjin to Jixian County G95 Capital Area Loop Expressway
The following six China National Highways pass through Tianjin:
China National Highway 102, through Ji County, Tianjin on its way from Beijing to Harbin China National Highway 103, from Beijing, through Tianjin's urban area, to Binhai China National Highway 104, from Beijing, through Tianjin, to Fuzhou China National Highway 105, from Beijing, through Tianjin, to Macau China National Highway 112, circular highway around Beijing, passes through Tianjin China National Highway 205, from Shanhaiguan, Hebei, through Tianjin, to Guangzhou
High-speed rail Intercity high-speed rail lines Beijing–Tianjin intercity railway Tianjin–Baoding intercity railway
Other high-speed rail lines Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway Beijing–Shenyang high-speed railway Beijing–Shijiazhuang high-speed railway Tianjin–Qinhuangdao high-speed railway
High-speed rail lines planned or under construction Beijing–Zhangjiakou intercity railway
Suburban railway Beijing Suburban Railway Tianjin Suburban Railway (Tianjin–Jizhou railway)
Metro systems Beijing Subway Shijiazhuang Metro Tianjin Metro
Light rail Tianjin Tram
See also Bohai Economic Rim Megalopolises in China Pearl River Delta Yangtze River Delta Keihanshin Greater Tokyo Area Seoul Capital Area Taipei–Keelung metropolitan area
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References