List of sovereign state leaders in the Philippines

The types of sovereign state leaders in the Philippines have varied throughout the country's history, from heads of ancient chiefdoms, kingdoms and sultanates in the pre-colonial period, to the leaders of Spanish, American, and Japanese colonial governments as well as an unrecognized independent government, and the directly elected president of the modern sovereign state of the Philippines.

Archaic (pre-hispanic) Era Before the nation of the Philippines was formed, the area of what was now the Philippines during the pre-colonial times was sets of divided nations ruled by Kings, Chieftains, Datus, Lakans, Rajahs and Sultans in Southeast Asia. It was when the Spaniards arrived that they named the collections of areas they conquered and unite in Southeast Asia as "Las Islas Filipinas" or The Islands of the Philippines.

Legendary rulers Legendary rulers can be found in the oral tradition in Philippine Mythology, which having an uncertain historical/archeological evidence of their reign. Image Name Title held From UntilGat PangilGat Pangil was a chieftain in the area now known as Laguna Province, He is mentioned in the origin legends of Bay, Laguna, Pangil, Laguna, Pakil, Laguna and Mauban, Quezon, all of which are thought to have once been under his domain.Uncertain possibly Iron Age.

Archaic rulers

Pangasinan (historical polity) Ruler From UntilKamayin 14061408?Taymey 14081409?

Historical rulers of Tondo Image Name Title held From UntilUnnamedSenapati (Admiral)(Known only in the LCI as the ruler who give the pardon to Lord Namwaran and his wife Dayang Agkatan and their daughter named Bukah for their excessive debts in 900 AD.) 900?? LakandulaBunao Lakandula, ruler of Tondo After 15211571Agustin de LegazpiThe last ruler of Tondo. He was appointed to the position after the death of Lakandula. The monarchy was dissolved by the Spanish authorities after the discovery of the Tondo conspiracy.15751589,

Recorded rulers of Namayan Title Name Notes Documented Period of Rule Primary Sources LakanTagkan Named "Lacantagcan" by Huerta and described as the ruler to whom the "original residents" of Namayan trace their origin exact years not documented; three generations prior to Calamayin Huerta (title not documented by Huerta)Palaba Noted by Huerta as the "Principal Son" of Lakan Tagkan. exact years not documented; two generations prior to CalamayinHuerta (title not documented by Huerta) Laboy Noted by Franciscan genealogical records to be the son of Lakan Palaba, and the father of Lakan Kalamayin. exact years not documented; one generation prior to Calamayin Huerta RajahKalamayin Named only "Calamayin" (without title) by Huerta, referred to by Scott (1984) as Rajah Kalamayin. Described by Scott (1984) as the paramount ruler of Namayan at the time of colonial contact. || immediately prior to and after Spanish colonial contact (ca. 1571–1575) | Huerta |- | (no title documented by Huerta) || Martin* *Huerta does not mention if Kalamayin's son, baptized "Martin", held a government position during the early Spanish colonial period early Spanish colonial period Huerta Legendary rulers of Namayan Aside from the records of Huerta, a number of names of rulers are associated with Namayan by folk/oral traditions, as recounted in documents such as the will of Fernando Malang (1589) and documented by academics such as Grace Odal-Devora and writers such as Nick Joaquin.

Title Name Notes Period of Rule Primary Sources Gat Lontok In Batangueño Folk Tradition as cited by Odal-Devora, husband of Kalangitan, serving as "rulers of Pasig" together. Legendary antiquity Batangueño folk tradition (cited by Odal-Devora, 2000) Dayang or Sultana Kalangitan Legendary "Lady of the Pasig" in Batangueño Folk Tradition and "Ruler of Sapa" in Kapampangan Folk Tradition (as documented by Odal-Devora). Either the mother in law (Batangueño Tradition) or grandmother (Kapampangan Tradition) of the ruler known as "Prinsipe Balagtas"Legendary antiquity Batangueño and Kapampangan folk traditions (cited by Odal-Devora, 2000) "Princess" or "Lady"(term used in oral tradition, as documented by Odal-Devora) Sasaban In oral Tradition recounted by Nick Joaquin and Leonardo Vivencio, a "lady of Namayan" who went to the Madjapahit court to marry Emperor Soledan, eventually giving birth to Balagtas, who then returned to Namayan/Pasig in 1300. prior to 1300 (according to oral tradition cited by Joaquin and Vicencio) Batangueño folk tradition (cited by Odal-Devora, 2000), and oral tradition cited by Joaquin and Vicencio) Prince(term used in oral tradition, as documented by Odal-Devora) Bagtas or Balagtas In Batangueño Folk Tradition as cited by Odal-Devora, the King of Balayan and Taal who married Panginoan, daughter of Kalangitan and Lontok who were rulers of Pasig. In Kapampangan Folk Tradition as cited by Odal-Devora, the "grandson of Kalangitan" and a "Prince of Madjapahit" who married the "Princess Panginoan of Pampanga" Either the son in law (Batangueño Tradition) or grandson (Kapampangan Tradition) of Kalangitan In oral tradition recounted by Nick Joaquin and Leonardo Vivencio, the Son of Emperor Soledan of Madjapahit who married Sasaban of Sapa/Namayan. Married Princess Panginoan of Pasig at about the year 1300 in order to consolidate his family line and rule of Namayan ca. 1300 A.D. according to oral tradition cited by Joaquin and Vicencio Batangueño and Kapampangan folk traditions cited by Odal-Devora, and oral tradition cited by Joaquin and Vicencio) "Princess" or "Lady"(term used in oral tradition, as documented by Odal-Devora) Panginoan In Batangueño Folk Tradition as cited by Odal-Devora, the daughter of Kalangitan and Lontok who were rulers of Pasig, who eventually married Balagtas, King of Balayan and Taal. In Kapampangan Folk Tradition as cited by Odal-Devora, who eventually married Bagtas, the "grandson of Kalangitan." In oral tradition recounted by Nick Joaquin and Leonardo Vivencio, "Princess Panginoan of Pasig" who was married by Balagtas, the Son of Emperor Soledan of Madjapahit in 1300 AD in an effort consolidate rule of Namayan ca. 1300 A.D. according to oral tradition cited by Joaquin and Vicencio Batangueño and Kapampangan folk traditions cited by Odal-Devora, and oral tradition cited by Joaquin and Vicencio)

The datus of Madja-as Commander-In-Chief Capital From UntilDatu Puti Unknown??Datu SumakwelMalandog??Datu BangkayaAklan??Datu PaiburongIrong-Irong??Datu LubayMalandog??Datu PadohinogMalandog??Datu DumangsilKatalan River, Taal??Datu DumangsolMalandog??Datu BalensuelaKatalan River, Taal??Datu DumalogdogMalandog??

The Datus of Katugasan The Reigning Datu Events From UntilKihod last reigning monarch of the polity of Katugasan?1565

The Datus of Dapitan The Reigning Datu Events From UntilSumanga Datu Sumanga raids China to win the hand of Dayang-dayang (Princess) Bugbung Humasanum??DailisanThe Kedatuan was destroyed by the Sultanate of Ternate1563?PagbuayaThe Kedatuan is re-established in Dapitan?1564ManoocThe Kedatuan is incorporated to the Spanish Empire??

Rulers of Maynila Name Events From UntilSalalila Rajah Salalila or Rajah Sulayman I By this time, Manila was already under the influence of Brunei. 1500 Eartly 16th centuryMatandaRajah Matanda or Rajah Ache15211571SulaymanRajah Sulayman III, Rajah of Manila15711575

Legendary rulers of Maynila Title Name Specifics Dates Primary source(/s) Academic notes on primary source(/s) Rajah Avirjirkaya According to Henson (1955), he was a "Majapahit Suzerain" who ruled Maynila before he was defeated in 1258 by a Bruneian naval commander named Rajah Ahmad, who then established Manila as a Muslim principality. before 1258 Genealogy proposed by Mariano A. Henson in 1955 Cited in César Adib Majul's 1973 book "Muslims in the Philippines", published by the UP Asian Center and in turn referenced widely in semitechnical and popular texts.The veracity of "quasi-historical" (meaning not physically original) genealogical documents remains subject to scholarly peer review. Rajah Ahmad According to Henson (1955), he established Manila as a Muslim principality in 1258 by defeating the Majapahit Suzerain Rajah Avirjirkaya. 1258 Genealogy proposed by Mariano A. Henson in 1955 Cited in César Adib Majul's 1973 book "Muslims in the Philippines", published by the UP Asian Center and in turn referenced widely in semi-technical and popular texts.The veracity of "quasi-historical" (meaning not physically original) genealogical documents remains subject to scholarly peer review.

Monarchs of the Butuan Rajahnate The Royal Title of the Reigning Rajah Events From UntilRajah Kiling The embassy of I-shu-han (李竾罕)fl.989after 989Sri Bata ShajaMission by Likanhsieh (李于燮)fl.1011after 1011Rajah SiaguBaptism by the Magellan Expeditionfl. 1521after 1521

Rajahs of Cebu The Royal Title of the Reigning Rajah Events From UntilSri LumayFounded the rajahnate, he is a minor prince of the Chola dynasty which occupied Sumatra. He was sent by the Maharajah to establish a base for expeditionary forces but he rebelled and established his own independent rajahnate.??Rajah HumabonThe Rajah of Cebu at the time Ferdinand Magellan arrived at Cebu and is the first Filipino chieftain to embrace Christianity.fl. 1521after 1521Rajah TupasLast Rajah of Cebu, he ceded the Rajahnate to the Spanish Empire when he is defeated by Miguel López de Legazpi's forces in 1565.?1565

Sultans of Maguindanao Sultans From UntilShariff Kabungsuwan15151543Sultan Maka-alang Saripada15431574Sultan Bangkaya15741578Sultan Dimasangcay Adel15781585Sultan Gugu Sarikula15851597Sultan Laut Buisan15971619Sultan Muhammad Dipatuan Kudarat16191671Sultan Dundung Tidulay16711678Sultan Barahaman16781699Sultan Kahar ud-Din Kuda16991702Sultan Bayan ul-Anwar17021736Sultan Amir ud-Din(in Tamontaka)17101736Sultan Muhammad Tahir ud-Din(in Sibugay, Buayan, Malabang)17361748Sultan Rajah Muda Muhammad Khair ud-Din (paramount chief of Maguindanao by 1748)17331755Sultan Pahar ud-Din17551780Sultan Kibad Sahriyal17801805Sultan Kawasa Anwar ud-Din18051830Sultan Qudratullah Untung18301854Sultan Muhammad Makakua18541884Sultan Wata18841888No sultanSultan Anwar ud-Din contested Datu Mamaku (son of Sultan Qudratullah Untung) of Buayan for the throne versus the then sultan Datu Mangigin of Sibugay.18881896Sultan Taha Colo18961898Sultan Mastura Kudarat19081933

The Sultans of Sulu (1405–present) Sultans Image From UntilSharif ul-Hāshim14801505Kamal ud-Din15051527Sultan Amir ul-Umara18931899Jamal ul-Kiram I18251839, the progeny of the 1752 Kiram Sinsuat, Kiram Misuari and Kiram Sorronga.Mahakuttah Kiram19741986Muedzul Lail Tan Kiram1986

Philippines Era

The collection of islands conquered by the Spaniards was named Las islas Filipinas; a name given by Ruy López de Villalobos. It's the exact geographical location on which the modern day Republic of the Philippines based its territory.

Rulers during the Spanish colonization During the Spanish colonization, Remaining monarchs reign until their kingdoms was absorbed to the new colonial nation of the Philippines through Spanish conquest. Many of these territories are absorbed much later.

Rajah Colambu – King of Limasawa in 1521, brother of Rajah Siagu of Butuan. He befriended Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan and guided him to Cebu on April 7, 1521. Rajah Humabon – Rajah of Cebu who became an ally of Ferdinand Magellan and the Spaniards. Rival of Datu Lapu-Lapu. In 1521, he and his wife were baptized as Christians and given Christian names Carlos and Juana after the Spanish royalty, King Carlos and Queen Juana. Sultan Kudarat – Sultan of Maguindanao Lakandula – Lakan of Tondo Datu Lapu-Lapu – King of Mactan Island. He defeated the Spaniards on April 27, 1521. Datu Iberein – A datu of Samar at around 1543. Datu Sikatuna – King of Bohol in 1565. He made a blood compact with Spanish explorer, Miguel López de Legazpi.