Black cod is a common name for several ray-finned fishes, none closely related to the true cods of order Gadiformes, family Gadidae:
Order Scorpaeniformes Family Anoplopomatidae Anoplopoma fimbria, native to the North Pacific, known as black cod or sablefish in North America Order Perciformes Family Serranidae "groupers" Epinephelus daemelii, native to Australia and New Zealand, known as black cod in Australia Family Nototheniidae "cod icefishes" Notothenia microlepidota, native to New Zealand and Macquarie Island, known as black cod in New Zealand Paranotothenia magellanica, native to the Southern Ocean, known as black cod in New Zealand