List of states during the Middle Ages

Post-classical history (also called the post-classical era) is the period of time that immediately followed the end of ancient history. Depending on the continent, the era generally falls between the years AD 200–600 and AD 1200–1500. The name of this era of history derives from classical antiquity (or the Greco-Roman era) of Europe. Though, the everyday context in use is reverse (such as historians reference to Medieval China). In European history, "post-classical" is synonymous with the medieval time or Middle Ages, the period of history from around the 5th century to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: Antiquity, Medieval period, and Modern period. The Medieval period is itself subdivided into the early, high, and late Middle Ages.

Europe

British Isles

England NameCapitalState typeFromToFlagAngevin Empireno officialempire11541242DumnoniaIsca Dumnoniorumprincipality360710EnglandWinchester, Londonkingdom9271707East AnglesRendlesham, Dommockingdom6th cent.918EssexRendlesham, Dommockingdom527825HaestingasHastingstribal kingdom6th cent.771KentDurovernumkingdom488871LindseyLindumkingdom/client410775MerciaTamworthkingdom527918NorthumbriaBamburghkingdom653954North Sea EmpireRibepersonal union10131042SussexSelseykingdom477825WessexWinchesterkingdom5191018WihtwaraWihtgarsburghkingdom512686

Scotland NameCapitalState typeFromToFlagAlba Clogher kingdom9001286Caittribal kingdom25871Cétribal kingdom1st cent.900Dal RiadaDunaddkingdom501878Fortriutribal kingdom1850Gallowaykingdomc. 10001234Gododdinkingdom5th cent.8th cent.Mann and Isleskingdom8481266Moraykingdomc. 9701130Pictlandkingdom452850ScotlandStirling, Edinburghkingdom8431707StrathclydeDumbarton, Govankingdom4501093

Wales NameCapitalState typeFromToFlagBrycheiniogkingdom4501045DeheubarthDinefwrkingdom9201197Dyfedkingdom410910GlywysingCardiffkingdom4901063GwentCaerwent, Porth-is-Coedkingdom4201081Gwyneddvariouskingdom4201216Powysvariouskingdom4881160WalesAber Garth Celynprincipality12161542

Ireland NameCapitalState typeFromToArmsAirgíallaClogher tribal federation/kingdom3311590Bregakingdom6201013BreifneCroghankingdom7001256DesmondKillarneykingdom11181596DublinDublinkingdom8531170East BreifneBelturbet, Cavan kingdom12561607Iar ConnachtDromahairtúatha/kingdom 10511589IrelandDublinlordship11711542Iveaghtúath4th cent.1543Leinsterkingdom4361632Mac William ÍochtarKilmainetanistry13301602MeathDublinkingdom1st cent.1173MunsterCorkkingdom1st cent. BC1118 ADNorthern Uí Néillvariouskingdom4201137OssoryKilkennykingdom1501185ThomondEnniskingdom11181543TyrconnellDun na nGallkingdom4641607Uí FailgheRathangan, Daingeankingdom5071550Uí FidgentiBrugh Ríogh kingdom4th cent.10th cent.Uí LiatháinCastlelyons kingdom4th cent.1220Uí Mháinevarioustúatha3571611Ulaidvariouskingdom4001177West BreifneDromahairtúatha12561605

France/Germany/Austria/Switzerland/Low Countries NameCapitalState typeFromToFlagAngevin Empireno officialempire11541242AustrasiaMetz kingdom511751Bavariaduchy508788Béarnvariousviscounty9th cent.1620BouillonBouillonduchy14561794BrabantBrusselsduchy11831430Brittanyvariousduchy9391547 BurgundyDijonduchy10321477CarantaniaKarnburgprincipality658828Carolingian EmpireAachenempire800888East Franciavariouskingdom843962FranceParis, Versailleskingdom8431792FrisiaDorestad, Utrechttribal kingdom600734Frisia (Upstalsboom League)confederacyc. 1200c. 1500Flandersvariouscounty8621795Frankish EmpireTournai, Paris kingdom/empire481843HollandThe Haguecounty11th cent.1795Holy Roman Empire see List of states of the Holy Roman Empireno officialempire9621806LorraineNancyduchy9591766Lotharingiakingdom855959Middle FranciaAachenkingdom843855NormandyRouenduchy9111259Old Saxonyduchy758804Pomeraniavariousduchy11211637PoherVorgiumprincipality520936Saxonstribal confederation5th cent. BC754 ADSwiss Confederacyvariousconfederacyc. 13001798County of ToulouseToulousecounty7781271Terra Marianavariousconfederated bishopric principalities (religious)12071561West FranciaPariskingdom843987

Scandinavia NameCapitalState typeFromToFlagDenmarkvariouskingdomc. 900presentIcelandÞingvellir commonwealth (federation)9301262Kalmar UnionCopenhagen (from 1443)union13971523North Sea EmpireRibepersonal union10131042Kingdom of Norwayvariouskingdom872presentPetty kingdoms of Norwayvariouskingdoms?872Swedenvariouskingdomc. 970present

Balkans NameCapital/sState typeFromToFlagAlbaniaDurrësprincipality 13281415AchaeaAndravida, Mystrasprincipality12051432ArbanonKrujaprincipality11901255ArchipelagoNaxosduchy12071579Argos & NaupliaNauplialordship/client12121388ArtaArtadespotate13591416AthensAthensduchy12051458BodonitsaBeneventomarquisate/client12041414Kingdom of Bosniavariouskingdom 13771463Byzantine EmpireConstantinopleempire3951453First Bulgarian EmpirePliska (681–893), Preslav (893–968/972), Skopje, Ohrid, Bitola (until 1018)empire6811018Second Bulgarian EmpireTarnovo (1185–1393) Vidin and Nikopol (1393–1396)empire11851396Emirate of CreteChandaxemirate 824961Croatian duchyvariousprincipalityc. 800925Croatiavariouskingdom9251102DobrujaKarvunadespotate13561411DukljaShkodërdespotate10th cent.1186Latin EmpireConstantinopleempire12041261Țara LituaCâmpulung, Curtea de Argeșprincipality12411290 Despotate of LovechLovechdespotate13301446League of Lezhëconfederacy 14441479Lower Pannoniavariousprincipality/client839875Narentinestribal chiefdom/county/duchy6th cent.10th cent.MoldaviaBaia/Siret (1343-1388), Suceava (1388-1564)principality13461859NeopatrasNeopatrasduchy13191390Lordship of PrilepPrilepkingdom13711395RagusaRagusarepublic13581807SalonaSalonalordship12121394Principality of SerbiaRasprincipality7th cent.c. 970Grand Principality of SerbiaRasgrand principalityc. 10801217Kingdom of SerbiaRas, Žiča, Prizrenkingdom12171346Serbian EmpireSkopje, Prizrenempire13461371Principality of SerbiaKruševacprincipality13711402Serbian DespotateKuševac, Beograd, Smederevodespotate14021459TravuniaTrebinjeprincipality/client 8501482ThessalonicaThessalonicakingdom12041224Principality of ValonaValona principality13461417VidinVidintsardom13561365WallachiaCâmpulung, Curtea de Argeș (1330-1418) Târgoviște (1418-1659)principality12901859

Iberia NameCapital/sState typeFromToFlagAragonJaca, Zaragozakingdom10351707Asturiasvariouskingdom718924BarcelonaBarcelonacounty/principality8011173Castilevariouskingdom12301516CataloniaBarcelonaprincipality11731714CórdobaCórdobaemirate756929CórdobaCórdobacaliphate9291031GaliciaA Coruñakingdom9101833LeónLeónkingdom9101230MajorcaPalma, Perpignankingdom12311715NavarrePamplonakingdom8241841County of PortugalGuimarães, Coimbrakingdom8681139Portugalvariouskingdom11391910SpainToledo, Madridcomposite monarchy14791707SuebiBragakingdom409585Taifavariousconfederation of kingdoms/principalities10111571ValenciaValenciakingdom12381707Visigothicvariouskingdom418720

Italy NameCapital/sState typeFromToFlagAnconaAnconarepublic1001532Apulia and CalabriaMalfi, later Salernocounty10431130BeneventoBeneventoduchy/principality/client5711074CapuaCapuaprincipality8611139CevaCevamarquisate11251427Republic of CospaiaCospaiarepublic14401826FlorenceFlorence republic11151532Duchy of GaetaGaetaduchy8391140GenoaGenoarepublic10051797LombardPaviakingdom568774LuccaLuccarepublic11601805MilanMilanduchy13951796NaplesNaplesduchy6611137Republic of NoliNolirepublic11921797PapalRomepontifical states7541870Republic of PisaPisarepublic 10001406SalernoSalernoprincipality 8511077San MarinoSan Marinorepublic301presentSardinian kingdomsvariousvarious kingdoms10th cent.1420SardiniaCagliari, Turinkingdom13241861SavoyChambeery, later Turinduchy14161714Emirate of SicilyBalarmemirate8311091County of SicilyPalermocounty10711130Kingdom of Sicilyvariouskingdom11301816SienaSienarepublic11251555SorrentoSorrentoduchy8401137VeniceVenicerepublic6971797Western Roman EmpireRavennaempire395480

Hungary/Poland/Czechoslovakia/Baltics NameCapital/sState typeFromToFlagAvar Khaganatenot specifiedkhaganate567804Principality of HungaryEsztergom, Székesfehérvárprincipality8951000Kingdom of Hungaryvariouskingdom10001918Duchy of LithuaniaAukštaitijaduchy10091236Grand Duchy of LithuaniaVilniusgrand duchy12361569Livoniavariousconfederated bishopric principalities (religious)14351561MoraviaVeligradkingdom 833907Duchy of PolandGnieznokingdom9661025Kingdom of PolandGniezno, later Cracoviakingdom10251385Crown of the Kingdom of PolandKrakowkingdom13851795Terra Marianavariousconfederated bishopric principalities (religious)12071561

Russia/Ukraine/Belarus NameCapital/sState typeFromToFlagPrincipality of BeloozeroBeloozeroprincipality11991550Old Great BulgariaPhanagoriaabsolute monarchy, khaganate632668Principality of ChernihivChernihivprincipality10241402Crimean KhanateStary Krym, Bakhchisaraykhanate14491783Principality of DmitrovDmitrovprincipality13381460Galicia–Volhyniavariousprincipality/kingdom/client11991349Principality of GalichGalichprincipality12001481Principality of GaliciaHalychprincipality11241199Principality of KholmKholmprincipality13301487Kievan Rus'Kievfederated principalities8591283Principality of KievKievprincipality11321471Principality of MikulinMikulinprincipality13391485Mishar YurtSarov, Kasimovprincipality13th cent.15th cent.MoscowMoscowgrand duchy/client12831547Mukhsha UlusMukhshaduchy13th cent.15th cent.Principality of Nizhny Novgorod-SuzdalNizhny Novgorodprincipality 13411425Novgorod RepublicNovgorodrepublic11361478Principality of PereyaslavlKrakowkingdom9881239/1323Great PermPermprincipality11901600PolotskPolotakprincipality 9871504Tsardom of RussiaMoscow, Saint Petersburg tsardom 15471721Principality of RyazanRyazanprincipality11291521Principality of Serpukhovsko-BorovskySerpukhovprincipality13381460Principality of SmolenskSmolenskprincipality, vassal state 10541508Principality of StarodubStarodubprincipality12151451Temnikov PrincipalityTemnikovprincipality13881526Principality of TverTverprincipality 12461485Principality of VereyaVereyaprincipality14001491Vladimir-SuzdalVladimirprincipality 11571331Principality of VolhyniaVolhyniaprincipality 11571331Principality of YaroslavlYaroslavlprincipality 12171470

Middle East and North Africa

Middle East Anatolia See also: List of states in late medieval Anatolia NameCapitalState typeFromToFlagAhisAnkarabeylik12301392AlaiyeAlanyabeylik12931471AydinidsBirgi, Selçukbeylik13001425Armenian CiliciaTarsus, Siskingdom11981375ArminiyaDvinprincipality/client653884Byzantine EmpireConstantinopleempire3301453Beyliks of Canikvariousbeylik14601330sCandar dynastyEflani, Kastamonu, Sinopbeylik12911461ChobanidsKastamonubeylik12111309Beylik of ÇubukoğullarıHarput beylik10851112Beylik of DilmaçBitlis beylik10851398Beylik of DulkadirElbistan, Marasbeylik13481522GermiyanidsKütahyabeylik13001429HamididsEğirdirbeylik13001391InalidsDiyarbakırbeylik10851183KaramanidsKaramanbeylik12501487KarasidsBalıkesir, Bergama, Çanakkalebeylik12861357Kurdish emiratesvariouschiefdoms/principalities16th cent.19th cent.Beylik of LâdikDenizli, beylik12621391MengujekidsErzurum beylik 10721277MentesheMilasbeylik12611424MarwanidsDiyarbakiremirate9831085NicaeaNicaeaempire/client12041261Ottoman EmpireSöğüt, Bursa, Edirne, Istanbulempire12991922PervâneoğluSinopbeylik12771322Ramadanid EmirateAdanaemirate 13521608RümNicaea, Iconiumsultanate10771307Sahib AtaidsAfyonkarahisarbeylik 12751341SaltukidsErzurum beylik 10721202SarukhanidsManisabeylik 13001510Shah-ArmensAhlat beylik 11101207Beylik of SmyrnaIzmir beylik 10811098Beylik of TanrıbermişAlaşehirbeylik 10711098TekeAntalya, Korkutelibeylik 13211423Trebizond EmpireTrebizondempire/client12041461

Arabia