The 1930 United States House of Representatives elections were elections for the United States House of Representatives to elect members to serve in the 72nd United States Congress. They were held for the most part on November 4, 1930, while Maine held theirs on September 8. They occurred in the middle of President Herbert Hoover's term.

During the election cycle, the nation was entering its second year of the Great Depression, and Hoover was perceived as doing little to solve the crisis, with his personal popularity being very low. His Republican Party was initially applauded for instituting protectionist economic policies, which were intended to limit imports to stimulate the domestic market; however, after the passage of the heavily damaging Smoot–Hawley Tariff, a policy that was bitterly opposed by the Democratic Party, public opinion turned sharply against Republican policies, and the party bore the blame for the economic collapse.

While the Democrats gained 52 seats in the 1930 midterm elections, Republicans retained a narrow one-seat majority of 218 seats after the polls closed versus the Democrats' 216 seats; however, between these elections and the convening of the 72nd Congress, 14 members-elect died (including incumbent Speaker Nicholas Longworth), and the Democrats gained an additional three seats in the special elections called to fill these vacancies, thus gaining control of the House (they held a 219–213 advantage over the Republicans when the new Congress convened).

This was the first of four consecutive Depression-era House elections in which Democrats made enormous gains, achieving a cumulative gain of 174 seats. Over the ensuing 64 years (until the 1994 midterm elections), House Republicans would be in the minority for all but four years, winning majorities only in 1946 and in 1952.

Overall results + ↓ 216 1 218 Democratic Republican

Source: Election Statistics – Office of the Clerk

Special elections

Elections are listed by date and district.

District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates William W. Griest Republican 1908 Incumbent died December 5, 1929.New member elected January 28, 1930.Republican hold. Will Kirk Kaynor Republican 1928 Incumbent died December 20, 1929.New member elected February 11, 1930.Democratic gain.Winner later re-elected to the next term; see below. John M. Robsion Republican 1918 Incumbent resigned January 10, 1930 to become U.S. senator.New member elected February 15, 1930.Republican hold. John F. Carew Democratic 1912 Incumbent resigned December 28, 1929, after being appointed to the New York Supreme Court.New member elected April 11, 1930.Democratic hold. Robert Q. Lee Democratic 1928 Incumbent died April 18, 1930.New member elected May 20, 1930.Democratic hold. Otis Wingo Democratic 1912 Incumbent died October 21, 1930.New member elected November 4, 1930 to finish her husband's term.Democratic hold. James P. Glynn Republican 19141922 1924 Incumbent died March 6, 1930.New member elected November 4, 1930.Republican hold. Edward John King Republican1914 Incumbent died February 17, 1929.New member elected November 4, 1930.Republican hold. Thomas S. Williams Republican 1914 Incumbent resigned November 11, 1929, after being appointed to the U.S. Court of Claims.New member elected November 4, 1930.Democratic gain. David H. Kincheloe Democratic 1914 Incumbent resigned October 5, 1930, after being appointed to the U.S. Customs Court.New member elected November 4, 1930.Democratic hold. Charles M. Stedman Democratic 1910 Incumbent died September 23, 1930.New member elected November 4, 1930.Democratic hold. William C. Hammer Democratic 1920 Incumbent died September 26, 1930.New member elected November 4, 1930.Democratic hold. Stephen G. Porter Republican 1910 Incumbent died June 27, 1930.New member elected November 4, 1930.Republican hold. Edgar R. Kiess Republican 1912 Incumbent died July 20, 1930.New member elected November 4, 1930.Republican hold. Jeremiah E. O'Connell Democratic 19221926 1928 Incumbent resigned to become Associate Justice of Rhode Island Superior Court.New member elected November 4, 1930.Democratic hold.Winner was also elected to the next term; see below. Elmer O. Leatherwood Republican 1920 Incumbent died December 24, 1929.New member elected November 4, 1930.Republican hold.Winner also elected to the next term; see below. James A. Hughes Republican 19001914 1926 Incumbent died March 2, 1930.New member elected November 4, 1930.Republican hold. Florian Lampert Republican 1918 Incumbent died July 18, 1930.New member elected November 4, 1930.Democratic gain.Winner also elected to the next term; see below.

Alabama

District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates John McDuffie Democratic 1918 Incumbent re-elected. J. Lister Hill Democratic 1923 Incumbent re-elected. Henry B. Steagall Democratic 1914 Incumbent re-elected. Lamar Jeffers Democratic 1921 Incumbent re-elected. LaFayette L. Patterson Democratic 1928 Incumbent re-elected. William B. Oliver Democratic 1914 Incumbent re-elected. Miles C. Allgood Democratic 1922 Incumbent re-elected. Edward B. Almon Democratic 1914 Incumbent re-elected. George Huddleston Democratic 1914 Incumbent re-elected. William B. Bankhead Democratic 1916 Incumbent re-elected.

Arizona

District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates Lewis W. Douglas Democratic 1926 Incumbent re-elected.

Arkansas

District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates William J. Driver Democratic 1920 Incumbent re-elected. Pearl Peden Oldfield Democratic 1929 Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. Claude Fuller Democratic 1928 Incumbent re-elected. Otis Wingo Democratic 1912 Incumbent died.Democratic hold. Heartsill Ragon Democratic 1922 Incumbent re-elected. David Delano Glover Democratic 1928 Incumbent re-elected. Tilman B. Parks Democratic 1920 Incumbent re-elected.

California

District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates Clarence F. Lea Democratic 1916 Incumbent re-elected. Harry Lane Englebright Republican 1926 Incumbent re-elected. Charles F. Curry Republican 1912 Incumbent died.Republican hold. Florence Prag Kahn Republican 1925 Incumbent re-elected. Richard J. Welch Republican 1926 Incumbent re-elected. Albert E. Carter Republican 1924 Incumbent re-elected. Henry E. Barbour Republican 1918 Incumbent re-elected. Arthur M. Free Republican 1920 Incumbent re-elected. William E. Evans Republican 1926 Incumbent re-elected. Joe Crail Republican 1926 Incumbent re-elected. Philip D. Swing Republican 1920 Incumbent re-elected.

Colorado

District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates William R. Eaton Republican 1928 Incumbent re-elected. Charles B. Timberlake Republican 1914 Incumbent re-elected. Guy U. Hardy Republican 1918 Incumbent re-elected. Edward T. Taylor Democratic 1908 Incumbent re-elected.

Connecticut

District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates E. Hart Fenn Republican 1920 Incumbent retired.Democratic gain. Richard P. Freeman Republican 1914 Incumbent re-elected. John Q. Tilson Republican 1914 Incumbent re-elected. Schuyler Merritt Republican 1916 Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. James P. Glynn Republican 1924 Incumbent died.Republican hold.

Delaware

District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates Robert G. Houston Republican 1924 Incumbent re-elected.

Florida

District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates Herbert J. Drane Democratic 1916 Incumbent re-elected. Robert A. Green Democratic 1924 Incumbent re-elected. Tom Yon Democratic 1926 Incumbent re-elected. Ruth Bryan Owen Democratic 1928 Incumbent re-elected.

Georgia

District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates Charles Gordon Edwards Democratic 1924 Incumbent re-elected. Edward E. Cox Democratic 1924 Incumbent re-elected. Charles R. Crisp Democratic 1912 Incumbent re-elected. William C. Wright Democratic 1918 Incumbent re-elected. Robert Ramspeck Democratic 1929 Incumbent re-elected. Samuel Rutherford Democratic 1924 Incumbent re-elected. Malcolm C. Tarver Democratic 1926 Incumbent re-elected. Charles H. Brand Democratic 1916 Incumbent re-elected. Thomas Montgomery Bell Democratic 1904 Incumbent lost renomination.Democratic hold. Carl Vinson Democratic 1914 Incumbent re-elected. William C. Lankford Democratic 1918 Incumbent re-elected. William W. Larsen Democratic 1916 Incumbent re-elected.

Idaho

District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates Burton L. French Republican 1916 Incumbent re-elected. Addison T. Smith Republican 1912 Incumbent re-elected.

Illinois

District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates Oscar Stanton De Priest Republican 1928 Incumbent re-elected. Morton D. Hull Republican 1923 Incumbent re-elected. Elliott W. Sproul Republican 1920 Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. Thomas A. Doyle Democratic 1923 Incumbent retired.Democratic hold. Adolph J. Sabath Democratic 1906 Incumbent re-elected. James T. Igoe Democratic 1926 Incumbent re-elected. M. Alfred Michaelson Republican 1920 Incumbent lost renomination.Democratic gain. Stanley H. Kunz Democratic 1920 Incumbent lost re-election.Republican gain. Frederick A. Britten Republican 1912 Incumbent re-elected. Carl R. Chindblom Republican 1918 Incumbent re-elected. Frank R. Reid Republican 1922 Incumbent re-elected. John T. Buckbee Republican 1926 Incumbent re-elected. William Richard Johnson Republican 1924 Incumbent re-elected. John Clayton Allen Republican 1924 Incumbent re-elected. Edward John King Republican 1914 Incumbent died.Republican hold. William E. Hull Republican 1922 Incumbent re-elected. Homer W. Hall Republican 1926 Incumbent re-elected. William P. Holaday Republican 1922 Incumbent re-elected. Charles Adkins Republican 1924 Incumbent re-elected. Henry T. Rainey Democratic 1922 Incumbent re-elected. Frank M. Ramey Republican 1928 Incumbent retired.Democratic gain. Edward M. Irwin Republican 1924 Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. William W. Arnold Democratic 1922 Incumbent re-elected. Thomas Sutler Williams Republican 1914 Incumbent resigned to become a judge.Democratic gain. Edward E. Denison Republican 1914 Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. 2 seats on a general ticket Richard Yates Jr. Republican 1918 Incumbent re-elected. Ruth Hanna McCormick Republican 1922 Incumbent retired to run for U.S. Senator.Democratic gain.

Indiana

District Incumbent This race Member Party First elected Results Candidates Harry E. Rowbottom Republican 1924 Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. Arthur H. Greenwood Democratic 1922 Incumbent re-elected. James W. Dunbar Republican 1928 Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. Harry C. Canfield Democratic 1922 Incumbent re-elected. Noble J. Johnson Republican 1924 Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. Richard N. Elliott Republican 1918 Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. Louis Ludlow Democratic 1928 Incumbent re-elected. Albert H. Vestal Republican 1916 Incumbent re-elected. Fred S. Purnell Republican 1916 Incumbent re-elected. William R. Wood Republican 1914 Incumbent re-elected. Albert R. Hall Republican 1924 Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain. David Hogg Republican 1924 Incumbent re-elected. Andrew J. Hickey Republican 1918 Incumbent lost re-election.Democratic gain.

Iowa