Sosnóvka (, means Piny Village) is a seloHistorically, selo is a term for village in that it had an Orthodox church and the administrative center of Sosnovskiy Selsoviet (rural settlement"Rural settlement" in Russia is a subdistrict with rural localities. "Sosnovskiy Selsoviet"Selsoviet, or sel'skiy soviet was a rural council in Soviet Union and the name of the territory (subdistrict) to which rural council was attached. Also there was gorsoviet, or gorodskoy soviet, it was town council. In modern Rissia, selsoviet may be the part of traditional names of many "rural settlements".) of Bekovsky District in Penza Oblast, Russia.
The selo had 10 peasant (farmer) farms in 1998. It also had 580 farms and 1380 inhabitants at 1 January 2004. it has less than 1000 inhabitants. There are more than 700 households, many of them abandoned.
There are Vertunovskaya railway station with station-house (Open JSC Russian Railways, Pochtovaya st.), a post office (office of Federal state unitary enterprise "Russian Post", Pochtovaya st., 88), telegraph, telephone, first-aid and obstetric point, ambulance station attached to railway station, secondary school (municipal educational institution Sosnovka secondary comprehensive school, муниципальное образовательное учреждение средняя общеобразовательная школа с. Сосновка, Shkol'naya st., 1) with 132 pupils in 2015, library, five shops, railway club, a branch of Open JSC Sberbank of Russia, a monument to soldiers who perished in the Second World War. The selo also has a network gasification and centralized water supply.
Sosnovka has Vertunovskaya railway station of Tambov–Rtishchevo line of South Eastern Railway. There is also railway communication with Bekovo on Vertunovskaya–Bekovo railway branch (Bekovo branch).
Bekovo–Sosnovka–Varvarino asphalt route of a regional significance passes through the territory of Sosnovskiy Selsoviet. Asphalt road of length goes to the selo.
Sosnovskiy Selsoviet administration is located in Sosnovka at: Tsentral'naya usad'ba ("Central farmstead") st., 6, s. Sosnovka, Bekovsky District, Penza Oblast, Russia, 442950 (ул. Центральная усадьба, 6, с. Сосновка, Бековский район, Пензенская область, Россия, 442950). The head of Sosnovskiy Selsoviet is delegate of Committee of local self-government of Sosnovskiy Selsoviet Morozova Elena Aleksandrovna. Since 2014 the head of Sosnovskiy Selsoviet administration is Vyacheslav Anatol'yevich Markin ().
Geography and climate
Sosnovka is located in South-Western part of Bekovsky District in Penza Oblast, south-east of Moscow, south-west of Penza (administrative center of the oblast) and south-west of Bekovo (administrative center of the district) along Vertunovka – Bekovo railway branch.
The selo is located in the Western part of the Volga Upland, in the zone forest steppe terrestrial ecosystem, in the first agroclimatic area of the oblast, which is characterized by enough moistening at hydrothermic coefficient 1.0 – 1.1. The natural vegetation: forests, meadow drains, bushes, swamp vegetation.
The climate is temperate-continental at an average temperature +20 °C of June, and −12 °C of January.
The selo is located in the Khopyor River basin. The distance to the Khopyor is . To the east of the selo the Mitkirey River flows from the North to the South. The Sosnovochka River (means Small Piny River) flows through the selo from the West to the East. Both rivers are tributaries of the Khopyor.
History Sources:Полубояров М. С. Населённые пункты Бековского района. 2007—2012Сайт истории села «Летопись села Сосновка»
There are a Bronze Age matted burial mound height in to the West from the selo; and a Bronze Age ploughed up burial ground of three mounds in South-West from the selo.
According to local legend, the name of the selo came from a large lake surrounded by pine trees. Definitely one can only say this is area of pinewoods.
18th century (Russian Empire)
Three settlements were founded on the place of present-day selo in the early to the middle of the 18th century, before 1721:
selo Rozhdestvenskoye (), or Sosnovka (, "Piny Village"), founded by landlord colonel (polkovnik) prince (knyaz) Fyodor Grigor'yevich Tyufyakin (); 84 "census souls"Census soul was historical tax male peasant unit for the tax per head were in 1747 sel`tsoSel`tso was a historical type of inhabited localities in Russia Rozhdestvenskoye (), or Mitkirey (), founded by landlord prime-major of the 1st Moscow Regiment Pyotr Grigog'evich Plemyannikov (); 88 "census souls" were in 1747 sel`tso Rozhdestvenskoye, or Sosnovka, or Mitkirey, founded by Cathedral of the Annunciation, Moscow; 288 "census souls" were in 1747.
Peasants came from Nizhny Lomov, Penza, Shatsk, Moscow, Saransk, Yaroslavl, Simbirsk districts (uyezds). 460 "census souls" were in 1747 in all. In 1747 these three settlements were in Zaval'niy stanStan was a historical administrative subdivision in Russia. Stan means "camp". Initially one of the meanings of "stan" was "camp of feudal lord", later it became the name of the type of administrative subdivision of Penza District (Uyezd).
In 1780 these settlements were included in Serdobsk District (Uyezd) of Saratov Governorate (Guberniya). It was a rich trade place.
According to the map of General Land Surveying of 1790 Two settlements were situated on this place in the late of the 18th century:
selo Rozhdestvenskoye, or Vlasovka; it was a mistake of the map-maker, correctly is Sosnovka selo Troitskoye (, "Trinity Village"), or Sosnovka
In 1795 selo Troitskoye, or Sosnovka consisted of three parts:
estates of economic peasantsEconomic peasants was a historical group of state peasants in Russia 181 farmsteads, 758 "census souls" estate of lieutenant (poruchik) Ivan Andreyevich and Guards ensign (praporshchik) Nikonor Andreyevich, princes Divletkildeyevy, 42 farmsteads, 152 "census souls" estate prince (knyaz) of Sergey Fyodorovich Golitzyn, 17 farmsteads, 89 "census souls".
From 19th century to 1917 (Russian Empire)
In 1811 one part of the selo was inhabited by state peasants (677 "census souls"), another part by praedial serf of general-major Sergey Fyodorovich Golitzyn (89 "census souls" on 586 desyatinasOne of the meanings of "desyatina" is a historical land measurement in Russia and of princes Ivan Andreyevich и Nikonor Andreyevich Divletkildeyevy (152 "census souls" on 1219 desyatinas).
Prior to the Abolition of Serfdom (1861) one part of selo Troitskoye belonged to prince N. N. Divlet-Kil'deyev. There were 105 "census souls" of peasants, 8 "census souls" of house-serfs, 31 ½ impost units, tyaglo (in corvee labour). Peasants used 23 farmsteads on 12,6 desyatinas of farm land, 255,8 desyatinas of ploughed fields, 29 desyatinas of hayfields. Landlord had 304 desyatinas useful land, including 152,4 desyatinas of forest and bushes. In 1859 there were fair and market. At Eastertide people saluted with gun by tradition.
After Abolition of Serfdom former landlord's peasants redeemed the land.
Up to collectivization (1928—1937) peasant community divide into three associations ("societies"):
the 1st of former peasants of landlord Prozorovskiy-Golitzyn the 2nd of former peasants of Divletkil'deyev and Artsybashev the 3rd of former state peasants.
By the end of the 19th century were made new streets. About 1872 was made Latyshovka street (nowadays Sadovaya, "Garden" street). According to local legend, the name of the street came from certain Latvians, who had settled on this place. Nowadays Khopyornaya (Khopyor) street was called Nakhalovka ("Impudent") st., because a certain man settled without permission ("impudently") near forest. Later it was renamed to Khopyornaya, because it is situated near the Khopyor River.
There were water and wind mills, well-developed animal husbandry, pottery and tanning industry in Bekovo region, and the waterway on the Khopyor River. Landowners and industrialists Ustinovs, who owned many lands in Bekovo region, have vast contacts in trade and industry. All that facilitated development of trade in Bekovo region and communication with other places.
In 1871 railroad and Vertunovskaya railway station were built (see below).
Since 1877 the selo had been the center of volost'Volost' was a historical administrative subdivision in Russia of Serdobsk District (Uyezd). There was volost' administration, 376 farmsteads, one church, 5 shops, market on Fridays.
In 1903 railway lunchroom and railway club-house ("people's house") were opened. In 1911 in the selo there were 642 farmsteads, one church, schools (see below), post-and-telegraph office, market, machine and tractor station, mill and brickworks.
The church
The church was built in 1880 in the geographical center of the selo on the upland near the cemetery. It was built from pinewood The church was visible from afar. The house of priest and deacon was near the church. The church burned down in 1903. The cause of the fire is unknown. The church was built again by insurance premium in 1915 and dedicated on 27 June. The church might be destroyed in the first decades of Soviet Period.
Soviet Period (Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union), 1917–1991
After October Revolution (1917) peasants worked at kolkhozes,Kolkhoz was a collective farm in Soviet Union. brickworks and railroad. Many people worked in town Rtishchevo. In 1921 there was big fire, Bol'shaya ("Big") street had burnt down. Many houses started to be built on Latyshovka, Beryozovka ("Birch"), Nakhalovka, Bol'shaya and Soviet streets. There were an ambulance station and pharmacy. Later the ambulance station attached to the Vertunovskaya railway station was opened. About 1930–1932, a maternity hospital attached to railway ambulance station was opened. Also, there were a post office, market, mill, granary, vegetable store cellar, liquor shop, railway lunchroom and railway club-house ("people's house").
During Second World War about 1091 men were drafted to Soviet Army from Sosnovskiy Selsoviet. More than 400 of them never came back. All men, who could hold a rifle, went to the battle-front, who could hold a rifle. People went both by summons and voluntarily. The Germans bombed Liski, Balashov, outskirts of Rtishchevo and Saratov. Wounded soldier were conveyed through military area on railroad to military hospitals in Bekovo, Sakhzavod (settlement of sugar factory) and Zubrilovo (in the former estate of princes Prozorovskiy-Golitzyns).
In 1967 house of culture, office of Sosnovskiy sovkhoz (state farm; see below) and lunchroom were built; water pipe was constructed in the houses near the railway station. In 1968 the monument to the fallen warrior-fellow-villagers was erected. In 1974 rural palace of culture was opened. There was a fishing artelArtel' is a cooperative association, usually with collective responsibility in Russia, mainly in Imperial and Soviet periods. in the selo. The fish from the Khopyor River was supplied to state shops in the selo.
Schools
In 1911 there were parochial school and zemstvoZemstvo was a historical form of local government in Russia. school with two classes in the center of the selo. In 1916 in zemstvo school there were 122 pupils and 3 teachers.
Right after October Revolution (1917) a new primary school was opened. It was situated in the former house of priest and deacon. Fire-tower was situated near this place.
In Soviet Period there were three primary schools:
in the Barskaya ("Barin'sBarin was Russian word, means "nobleman", "landlord" or "master". It descended from "Boyars", who were the highest feudal class in some Eastern European states.") street (in the former house of mistress of landlord Tyufyakin) in the center of the selo, it was the former zemstvo school in Zalinia, in the Pochtovaya ("Postal") street, it was attached to railway organization.