Events in the year 1891 in Brazil.

Incumbents Federal government President: Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca (de facto until 26 February, de jure from 26 February to 23 November), Marshal Floriano Peixoto (starting 23 November) Vice-President: Marshal Floriano Peixoto (de jure from 26 February to 23 November), vacant from 23 November

Governors Alagoas: until 12 June: Manuel de Araujo Gois 12 June-16: Pedro Paulino de Fonseca 16 June-23 November: Manuel de Araujo Gois 23 November-28: Provisional Government starting 28 November: Manuel Gomes Riberio Amazonas: until 5 May: Eduardo Gonçalves Ribeiro 5 May-25 May: Guilherme José Moreira 25 May-30 June: Guilherme José Moreira 30 June-1 September: Gregório Taumaturgo Azevedo Bahia: José Gonçalves da Silva then Tude Soares Neiva then Leal Ferreira Ceará: until 22 January: Luís Antônio Ferraz 22 January-6 April: Benjamin Liberato Barroso 6 April-28 April: Feliciano Antônio Benjamim starting 28 April: José Clarindo de Queirós Goiás: until 20 January: Rodolfo Gustavo da Paixão 20 January-30 March: Bernardo Albernaz 30 March-20 May: João Bonifácio Gomes de Siqueira 20 May-18 July: Constâncio Ribeiro da Maia 18 July-7 December: Rodolfo Gustavo da Paixão starting 7 December: Constâncio Ribeiro da Maia Maranhão: Mato Grosso: Antonio Maria Coelho then Frederico Solon de Sampaio Ribeiro then José da Silva Rondon then João Nepomuceno de Medeiros Mallet Minas Gerais: until 11 February: Chrispim Jacques Bias Fortes 11 February-17 March: Frederico Augusto Álvares da Silva 17 March-16 June: Antônio Augusto de Lima 16 June-18 June: Eduardo Ernesto da Gama Cerqueira starting 18 June: Cesário Alvim Pará: until 7 February: Justo Chermont 7 February-25 March: Gentil Bittencourt 25 March-24 June: Huet de Bacelar starting 24 June: Lauro Sodré Paraíba: Venâncio Neiva (until 27 November), Government Junta (from 27 November) Paraná: José Cerqueira de Aguiar Lima then Generoso Marques dos Santos then Roberto Ferreira Bento/José Lamenha Lins/Joaquim Monteiro de Carvalho e Silva Pernambuco: José Antônio Correia da Silva (until 27 November); José Maria de Albuquerque Melo (from 27 November) Piauí: until 28 May: Álvaro Moreira de Barros Oliveira Lima 28 May-21 December: Gabriel Luís Ferreira 21 December-29 December: Francisco Gomes Muniz starting 29 December: Álvaro Lopes Machado Rio Grande do Norte: until 2 March: Castro and Manuel do Nascimento Silva 2 March-13 June: Amintas Francisco da Costa Barros 13 June-6 August: José Inácio Fernandes Barros 6 August-9 September: Francisco Gurgel de Oliveira 9 September-28 November: Miguel Joaquim de Almeida Castro starting 12 November: Government Junta Rio Grande do Sul: until 16 March: Cândido José da Costa 16 March-15 July: Fernando Fernandes Abbott 15 July-12 November: Júlio de Castilhos starting 12 November: Military Junta Santa Catarina: until 10 November: Gustavo Richard 10 November-28 December: Lauro Miller starting 28 December: Government Junta São Paulo: until 7 March: Jorge Tibiriçá Piratininga 7 March-11 June: Américo Brasiliense 11 June-15 December: Sérgio Tertuliano Castelo Branco Sergipe: 26 January-27 May: Luis Mendes de Morais 8 June-24 November: Vicente Ribeiro starting 24 November: vacant thereafter

Vice governors Rio de Janeiro: Manuel Torres (until 10 May) Rio Grande do Norte: until 11 June: Government Junta 11 June-16 December: José Alves de Cerqueira César starting 16 December: vacant São Paulo: until 9 September: vacant 9 September-28 November: Government Junta starting 28 November: vacant

Events 24 February – A new constitution is adopted by a Constitutional Congress. 26 February – Presidential election: De facto President Deodoro da Fonseca is confirmed in post, gaining 55.61% of the vote. 3 November – President Fonseca dissolves the National Congress and declares a "state of emergency". 23 November President Fonseca resigns from office, handing the position to Floriano Peixoto.Charles Willis Simmons, Marshal Deodoro and the fall of Dom Pedro II, 1966 Exiled Emperor Pedro II appears at the French Academy of Sciences for the last time to participate in an election.Carvalho, José Murilo de (2007). D. Pedro II: ser ou não ser (in Portuguese). São Paulo: Companhia das Letras. .Besouchet, Lídia (1993). Pedro II e o Século XIX (in Portuguese) (2nd ed.). Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira. . p 26 3 December – A sudden deterioration is noted in the health of Pedro II.Besouchet, Lídia (1993). Pedro II e o Século XIX (in Portuguese) (2nd ed.). Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira. . p 30 9 December – Despite government repression, a popular gathering in memory of the deceased emperor occurred takes place, organized by the Marquis of Tamandaré, Viscount of Ouro Preto, Viscount of Sinimbu, Baron of Ladário, Carlos de Laet, Alfredo d' Escragnolle Taunay, Rodolfo Dantas, Afonso Celso and Joaquim Nabuco.Calmon, Pedro (1975). História de D. Pedro II. 5 v (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: J. Olympio. P 1907 date unknown – The daily newspaper Jornal do Brasil is founded."O adeus ao 'Jornal do Brasil': após 119 anos, um dos diários mais importantes do país deixa de ...", 31 August 2010 (Portuguese) Accessed 28 March 2014

Arts and culture Books Adolfo Caminha – A normalista

Births 10 April – Zélio Fernandino de Moraes, founder of the Umbanda Branca religion (d. 1975)Saidenberg, Theresa. "Como surgiu a Umbanda em nosso país: 70° aniversário de uma religião brasileira." Revista Planeta, São Paulo, N. 75, December 1978. p. 34–38. 21 July – Lasar Segall, Jewish painter, engraver and sculptor, died in Lithuania (d. 1957) 20 September – Maria José de Castro Rebello Mendes, diplomat (d. 1936)Baronesa do Mês: Maria José Rebello Mendes 23 October – Pedro Ludovico, founder of Goiânia (d. 1979)

Deaths

22 January – Benjamin Constant Botelho de Magalhães, soldier, and politician (b. 1836) 5 December – Pedro II of Brazil, exiled Emperor of Brazil (b. 1825)

References