This list of fossil fishes described in 2014 is a list of new taxa of placoderms, fossil cartilaginous fishes and bony fishess of every kind that have been described during the year 2014, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleontology of fishes that occurred in the year 2014. The list only includes taxa at the level of genus or species.
Research An overview of adaptations for locomotion in water in fossil fishes is published by Fletcher et al. (2014). New fossil material of the Cambrian chordate Metaspriggina walcotti is described by Conway Morris and Caron (2014), who reinterpret M. walcotti as a primitive fish. A study of relationships and character distributions of early gnathostomes, including placoderms and acanthodians, is published by Brazeau and Friedman (2014). Cranial anatomy of the placoderm Romundina stellina is described by Dupret et al. (2014). A specimen of the ischnacanthiform acanthodian Nerepisacanthus denisoni is described from the Late Silurian Bertie Formation of southern Ontario, Canada by Burrow and Rudkin (2014). A specimen of the acanthodian Acanthodes bridgei with preserved tissues of its eye, which provides the first record of mineralized rods and cones in a fossil, is described from the Late Carboniferous Hamilton Formation in Kansas, USA by Tanaka et al. (2014). An analysis of the fossil record of Carcharocles megalodon, intending to establish its date of extinction, is published by Pimiento and Clements (2014). A study of the phylogenetic relationships of the Triassic halecomorph Archaeosemionotus connectens is published by López-Arbarello, Stockar and Bürgin (2014). Triassic scanilepiform neopterygian species Fukangichthys longidorsalis is revised by Xu, Gao and Finarelli (2014). A study of the phylogenetic interrelationships of lampridiform teleosts and of their Late Cretaceous relatives, is published by Davesne et al. (2014). A virtual cranial endocast of the lungfish Rhinodipterus kimberleyensis from the Late Devonian Gogo Formation of Australia is presented by Clement and Ahlberg (2014). A study on the histology of the humerus of Eusthenopteron is published by Sanchez, Tafforeau & Ahlberg (2014).
New taxa
Newly named jawless vertebrates
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes ImagesDartmuthia proceraSp. novValidMärss, Afanassieva & BlomSilurian (late Gorstian to Ludfordian)An osteostracan related to Tremataspis, a species of Dartmuthia.DentapeltaGen. et sp. novValidScott & WilsonEarly Devonian (Lochkovian)An osteostracan related to Superciliaspis. The type species is Dentapelta loefflerae.EldaaspisGen. et sp. novValidMärss, Afanassieva & BlomSilurian (late Homerian)A tremataspidiform osteostracan of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Eldaaspis miklii.GlabrapeltaGen. et 2 sp. novValidScott & WilsonEarly Devonian (Lochkovian)An osteostracan related to Superciliaspis. Genus contains two species: G. cristata and G. minima.MeelaidaspisGen. et sp. novValidMärss, Afanassieva & BlomSilurian (late Homerian)An osteostracan of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly a member of Cephalaspidiformes. The type species is Meelaidaspis gennadii.OhesaareaspisGen. et sp. novValidMärss, Afanassieva & BlomLate Silurian (Pridoli)An osteostracan of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly a member of Cephalaspidiformes. The type species is Ohesaareaspis ponticulata.TahulaspisGen. et 2 sp. novValidMärss, Afanassieva & BlomLate SilurianA tremataspidiform osteostracan of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Tahulaspis ordinata; genus also contains Tahulaspis praevia.Tremataspis perforataSp. novValidMärss, Afanassieva & BlomSilurian (late Homerian to late Gorstian)An osteostracan, a species of Tremataspis''.
Newly named placoderms Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes ImagesAntineosteus rufusSp. novValidVaškaninová & KraftDevonian (late Emsian)A homostiid, species of Antineosteus.BarwickosteusGen. et sp. novValidYoung & LongLate Middle DevonianAztec SiltstoneAntarctica (Victoria Land)A phlyctaeniid arthrodire. The type species is Barwickosteus antarcticus.GrifftaylorGen. et sp. novValidYoung & LongLate Middle DevonianAztec SiltstoneAntarctica (Victoria Land)A phlyctaeniid arthrodire. The type species is Grifftaylor antarcticus.RichardosteusGen. et sp. novValidLong, Mark-Kurik & YoungEarly DevonianA buchanosteid arthrodire. The type species is Richardosteus barwickorum.UrvaspisGen. et sp. novValidLong, Mark-Kurik & YoungEarly DevonianA buchanosteid arthrodire. The type species is Urvaspis lithuanica.
Newly named acanthodians Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes ImagesObruchevacanthus Gen. et sp. novValidBotella et al.Early DevonianAn ischnacanthiform acanthodian. The type species is Obruchevacanthus ireneae.
Newly named cartilaginous fishes Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes ImagesAcanthorhachisGen. et comb. novValidMartill, Del Strother & GallienCarboniferous (Viséan to Westphalian)A shark, possibly a relative of Listracanthus. A new genus for "Listracanthus" spinatus Bolton (1896).Acrodus kalasinensisSp. novValidCuny et al.Late Jurassic or Early CretaceousPhu Kradung FormationAn acrodontine hybodontid, a species of Acrodus.AntrigouliaGen. et sp. novValidGuinot, Cappetta & AdnetEarly Cretaceous (Valanginian)A palaeospinacid synechodontiform neoselachian. The type species is Antrigoulia circumplicata.ArchaeogaleusGen. et sp. novValidGuinot, Cappetta & AdnetEarly Cretaceous (Valanginian)A requiem shark. The type species is Archaeogaleus lengadocensis.CadieraGen. et sp. novValidGuinot, Cappetta & AdnetEarly Cretaceous (Valanginian)A catshark. The type species is Cadiera camboensis.Cantioscyllium grandisSp. novValidCicimurri, Ciampaglio & RunyonLate CretaceousEutaw FormationA member of Ginglymostomatidae, a species of Cantioscyllium.Cetorhinus huddlestoni Sp. novValidWeltonMiddle MioceneSharktooth Hill BonebedA relative of the basking shark.Chlamydoselachus landinii Sp. novValidCarrillo-Briceño, Aguilera & RodriguezMiddle to late MioceneAngostura FormationA member of the family Chlamydoselachidae. Originally described as a species of Chlamydoselachus; Cappetta, Morrison & Adnet (2019) transferred it to the genus Rolfodon.Copodus lebedeviSp. novValidLyapin & BagirovEarly Carboniferous (Serpukhovian)A member of Copodontiformes, a species of Copodus.Echinorhinus vielhusSp. novValidGuinot, Cappetta & AdnetEarly Cretaceous (Valanginian)A species of Echinorhinus.FissodopsisGen. et sp. novValidLund, Grogan & FathCarboniferous (Serpukhovian)Heath FormationA member of Petalodontiformes. The type species is Fissodopsis robustus.GarrigascylliumGen. et sp. novValidGuinot, Cappetta & AdnetEarly Cretaceous (Valanginian)A carpet shark of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Garrigascyllium aganticensis.Gladioserratus dentatusSp. novValidGuinot, Cappetta & AdnetEarly Cretaceous (Valanginian)A cow shark, a species of Gladioserratus.KanodusGen. et sp. novValidLebedev in Ivanov & LebedevMiddle PermianA psephodontid cochliodontiform holocephalan. The type species is Kanodus robustus.Lonchidion cristatumSp. novValidCicimurri, Ciampaglio & RunyonLate CretaceousEutaw FormationA member of Hybodontiformes, a species of Lonchidion.Lonchidion paramilloensisSp. novValidJohns, Albanesi & VoldmanMiddle–Late Triassic (Ladinian–Carnian)Paramillo FormationA species of Lonchidion.MagistrauiaGen. et sp. novValidGuinot, Cappetta & AdnetEarly Cretaceous (Valanginian)A carpet shark of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Magistrauia unicaplicata.Megachasma applegateiSp. novValidShimada, Welton & LongLate Oligocene to early Miocene (late Chattian to Aquitanian)A relative of the megamouth shark.Meristodonoides multiplicatusSp. novValidCicimurri, Ciampaglio & RunyonLate CretaceousEutaw FormationA member of Hybodontidae, a species of Meristodonoides.Myledaphus pustulosusSp. novValidCook et al.Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) and Cretaceous-Paleogene boundaryBug Creek Anthills Hell Creek Formation Scollard FormationA member of Rajiformes related to guitarfishes, a species of Myledaphus.ObruchevodusGen. et sp. novValidGrogan, Lund & FathCarboniferous (Mississippian)Bear Gulch LimestoneA petalodontiform chondrichthyan. The type species is Obruchevodus griffithi.OccitanodusGen. et sp. novValidGuinot, Cappetta & AdnetEarly Cretaceous (Valanginian)An orthacodontid hexanchiform. The type species is Occitanodus sudrei.Omanoselache halliSp. novValid Koot & Cuny in Koot et al.Early Triassic (late Olenekian)A hybodontiform shark of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a species of Omanoselache.Ornatoscyllium rugasimulatumSp. novValidGuinot, Cappetta & AdnetEarly Cretaceous (Valanginian)A carpet shark of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Originally described as a species of Ornatoscyllium, but subsequently transferred to the genus Similiteroscyllium.OzarcusGen. et sp. novValidPradel et al.CarboniferousFayetteville FormationProbably a member of Falcatidae. The type species is Ozarcus mapesae.Paracestracion pectinatusSp. novValidGuinot, Cappetta & AdnetEarly Cretaceous (Valanginian)Originally interpreted as a bullhead shark and a species of Paracestracion; excluded from the family Heterodontidae by Hovestadt (2018).ParahemiscylliumGen. et sp. novValidGuinot, Cappetta & AdnetEarly Cretaceous (Valanginian)A carpet shark of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Parahemiscyllium underwoodwardi.ParascylloidesGen. et sp. novValidThies, Vespermann & SolcherLate Triassic (Rhaetian)A member of Synechodontiformes of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Parascylloides turnerae.Parasquatina zitteliSp. novValidPollerspoeck & BeauryLate Cretaceous (Maastrichtian)An orectolobiform, a species of Parasquatina.PolyfaciodusGen. et sp. novValid Koot & Cuny in Koot et al.Early Triassic (Induan to Olenekian)A synechodontiform neoselachian shark of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Polyfaciodus pandus.Potamotrygon ucayalensisSp. novValidAdnet, Gismondi & AntoineMiddle EoceneYahuarango FormationA river stingray, a species of Potamotrygon.Pseudorhina crochetiSp. novValidGuinot, Cappetta & AdnetEarly Cretaceous (Valanginian)A relative of angel sharks, a species of Pseudorhina.RestesiaGen. et comb. novValidCook et al.Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) and Cretaceous-Paleogene boundaryBug Creek Anthills Hell Creek Formation