The Royal Commission into the Home Insulation Program was a Royal Commission established by the Australian government pursuant to the to inquire into the matters that may have arisen from the development and implementation of the Australian government's Home Insulation Program. The establishment of the commission followed the death of four workers (aged from 16 to 25 years) who died in separate incidents that may have been attributed to the failure to identify and manage the workplace health and safety and other risks associated with the implementation and management of the Program. The Royal Commission inquired into and reported on the deaths, serious injuries and impacts on longstanding home insulation businesses alleged to have arisen from the Program.
The Royal Commission commenced on 12 December 2013 and was overseen by a sole Royal Commissioner, Ian Hanger, , a barrister. The Commissioner was asked to submit his report to the Governor-General by 30 June 2014. The report was tabled to parliament on 1 September 2014.
Background
A measure, known as the "Energy Efficient Homes Package", was announced by Prime Minister Kevin Rudd on 3 February 2009. A component of that Package was the "Homeowner Insulation Program", which was replaced on 1 July 2009 by the "Home Insulation Program" (both of which form the Program). The Home Insulation Program was administered by the Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. The Package and Program were established in the context of the First Rudd Government's use of expansionary fiscal policies at their discretion to counter the effects of the 2008 financial crisis. The Energy Efficient Homes Package was a part of the 42 billion Nation Building – Economic Stimulus Plan.
Pursuant to the Administrative Arrangement Orders of 3 December 2007, Peter Garrett was appointed as the Minister for the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, and Penny Wong became the Minister for Climate Change and Water. In a reshuffle of the ministry in March 2010, the responsibility for the Package was transferred from Garrett to Wong. David Borthwick was appointed as departmental secretary on 3 December 2007, serving until 2009; with Robyn Kruk serving during 2009 and 2010.
Deaths and inquest recommendations As the program was delivered into communities, four males (aged 16 to 25 years) who worked as home insulation installers, died in four separate incidents between October 2009 and February 2010. Two workers died as a result of electrocution installing foil lined insulation; one worker was electrocuted installing fibreglass "pink batts" (all three in Queensland); and one worker died from hyperthermia, also installing "pink batts" (in New South Wales). On 9 February 2010, four days after the fourth death, the Commonwealth Government suspended the use of foil insulation; and the entire Home Insulation Program was discontinued on 19 February 2010.
Coronial inquests were held in both New South Wales (NSW) and Queensland (Qld) into the death(s) in each jurisdiction. Magistrate Hugh Dillon, the Deputy State Coroner of NSW, made nine recommendations that related to: "...improving publicity campaigns emphasising the risks of heat stress..., and the importance of regular consumption of water ... as a primary means of preventing heat stress or heat stroke;" "...the Australian Construction Training Service ("ACTS") conducting random audits of registered ... training organisations ... to assess the appropriateness and effectiveness of the training;" "...the ACTS requiring registered ... training organisations to certify that courses they conduct have included a practical component and assessment ... with an appropriate standard set by the ACTS;" "...the ACTS consider requiring that ... registered ... training organisations certify [the trainees] have either passed or not passed the practical component and assessment;" "...the ACTS amend its insulation industry training materials to include a specific reference to the topic of heat exhaustion and heat stroke and the need for regular hydration with water;" "...the ACTS consider having its insulation industry materials reviewed by a specialist adult educationist to ensure that they meet "best practice" educational standards ....;" "...ComSec Global Training ("ComSec") modifying its insulation industry training materials to include a specific reference to the topic of heat exhaustion ... and the need for regular hydration with water;" "...Standards Australia amending the [relevant standard] to include a reference to managing hot conditions; and "...the Minister for Finance [ensure] that guidelines for Australian Government programs include a standard reference to the requirement for compliance with State and Federal occupational health and safety legislation..."
The State Coroner of Queensland, Michael Barnes, made five recommendations, namely that: "...the Office of Fair and Safe Work Queensland undertakes a review of state-based workplace safety agencies [that] failed to proactively respond to [the] increased risk of harm...;" "...the Office of Fair and Safe Work Queensland undertake a public awareness campaign giving guidance as to how home occupiers and relevant tradespeople can minimise their exposure to the risk of electrical shock inherent in entering a residential roof space...;" "...the State Government [of Queensland] assess the competing policy considerations with expert advice from the Electrical Safety Office about the various options for the extension of the requirement for the mandatory fitting residual current devices in ... residential premises;" "...the Director of Public Prosecution consider whether charges of perjury should be laid against a witness at the inquest;" and "...the [Queensland] Department of Justice and the Attorney-General ... consider ... whether ... prosecution[s] should occur alleging breaches of the ... Workplace Health and Safety Act... [and] the Electrical Safety Act;"
Operational matters and inquiries
Allegations of fraud under the program were made, with three cases forwarded to the Australian Federal Police for investigation. In March 2010 the Federal Government announced a proposal to remove foil insulation or make it safe from houses and undertake another inspections. In March 2011, 35 search warrants were executed targeting alleged fraud by businesses and individuals in New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria. Climate Change and Energy Efficiency Minister, Greg Combet, stated that the Government would pursue those alleged unscrupulous operators who had fraudulently abused this program.
The Auditor-General, Ian McPhee, identified shortcomings in the way the Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts handled the program's implementation as it faced pressure from to establish the program during the height of the 2008 financial crisis. The report stated that the department requested the program be rolled out over five years but that this request was denied because of the desire to stimulate the economy and create jobs. McPhee also reported the department underestimated the level of risk involved in an unregulated industry which used inexperienced workers to install insulation in ceiling spaces. At its peak, demand for the program more than doubled original expectations. In his report, McPhee stated that as problems mounted, the then minister, Garrett, did not have his requests for information answered promptly and then, when it was provided, it was "overly optimistic" and contained factual errors. The Auditor-General did not make any recommendations because the program was closed by the time he reported.
Appointment of Commissioner On 12 December 2013, the Governor-General Quentin Bryce, issued Commonwealth Letters Patent pursuant to "the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Australia", the and other enabling powers" appointing Ian Hanger, as the sole Commissioner and the commission's terms of reference. The commissioner was directed "...to inquire into the matters that may have arisen from the development and implementation of the [Home Insulation] Program, and related matters..."
Terms of Reference The Commissioner was appointed to investigate "...into the matters that may have arisen from the development and implementation of the [Home Insulation] Program, and related matters..." Those matters were defined in the Letters Patent as follows: a. the processes by which the Australian Government made decisions about the establishment and implementation of the Program, and the bases of those decisions, including how workplace health and safety and other risks relating to the Program were identified, assessed and managed; b. whether the Australian Government was given, or sought, any advice, warnings or recommendations by or from industry representatives, regulatory authorities or other agencies of the Commonwealth, a State or a Territory during the establishment and implementation of the Program, and what action the Australian Government took in response to any such advice, warnings or recommendations; c. whether, in establishing or implementing the Program, the Australian Government: i. failed to have sufficient regard to workplace health and safety or other risks relating to the Program; or ii. failed to have sufficient regard to advice, warnings or recommendations mentioned in paragraph (b); or iii. failed to deal adequately with the risks, advice, warnings or recommendations; and, if so, why sufficient regard was not had to the risks, advice, warnings or recommendations, or why they were not dealt with adequately; d. whether the death of: i. Matthew Fuller; or ii. Rueben Barnes; or iii. Mitchell Sweeney; or iv. Marcus Wilson; could have been avoided by the appropriate identification, assessment or management, by the Australian Government, of workplace health and safety and other risks relating to the Program; e. whether the Australian Government should have taken action, in relation to the identification, assessment or management of workplace health and safety and other risks relating to the Program, that you consider would or may have avoided the deaths of the persons named in paragraph (d); f. the effects of the Program on: i. the families of the persons named in paragraph (d); and ii. pre-existing home insulation businesses; g. whether the Australian Government should change its laws, policies, practices, processes, procedures or systems for the purpose of seeking to prevent the recurrence of any failure identified by your inquiry.
AND, without limiting the scope of your inquiry or the scope of any recommendations arising out of your inquiry that you may consider appropriate, We direct you to consider: h. all relevant matters occurring during the period: i. starting at the commencement of the policy development that led to the introduction of the Program; and ii. ending at the termination of the Program; and
i. all remedial measures undertaken by the Australian Government after the Program was terminated.
AND, without limiting the scope of your inquiry or the scope of any recommendations arising out of your inquiry that you may consider appropriate, We declare that you may: j. consider: i. damage to property claimed to have arisen from the implementation of the Program; and ii. the effects on pre-existing home insulation businesses resulting from the damage; and
k. make findings or recommendations about those matters; but you are not required by these Our Letters Patent to do so.
AND We further declare that you are not required by these Our Letters Patent to inquire, or to continue to inquire, into a particular matter to the extent that you are satisfied that the matter has been, is being, or will be, sufficiently and appropriately dealt with by any of the following: l. the inquests in Queensland and New South Wales into the deaths of the persons named in paragraph (d);