Bone State

Bone (also Boni, or Bone Saoraja) or Bone State was a sultanate in the south-west peninsula of what is now Sulawesi (formerly Celebes), a province of modern-day Indonesia. It came under Dutch rule in 1905, and was succeeded by the Bone Regency.

Covering an area of , Bone's chief town Boni, lay northeast of the city of Makassar, home to the Bugis people.

History Bone was an adat-based Bugis kingdom whose origins can be traced back to the early 15th century. Its chronicle (as yet unpublished) provides detailed information on its rulers, starting from La Umasa, who ruled in the early 15th century, through to La Tenrtatta, who died in 1699. Under La Umasa and his nephew La Saliu (Kerrépelua) who succeeded him, Bone expanded from a handful of settlements around the modern capital Watampone to a small kingdom roughly one-third the size of Kabupaten Bone (the present regency).

In the early 16th century the kingdom expanded northwards, fighting with Luwu for control of the mouth of the River Cenrana, a major east coast trade exit. In 1582 Bone entered an alliance with the Wajo and Soppeng kingdoms for mutual defence against the rising power of Gowa-Tallo. This alliance became known as Tellumpocco'e ( the Three Summits) or LaMumpatue Ri Timurung ( The burying of the stones at Timurung).

In 1611, during the reign of the tenth king of Bone We Tenrituppu MatinroE ri Sidenreng, Bone was invaded by the Sultanate of Gowa and pressured to convert to Islam. Bone State later enjoyed a period of prosperity in the middle of the 17th century.

Bone became the most powerful state of South Sulawesi under Arung (ruler of) Palakka, La Tenritatta (1634 or 1635 – 1696) who sided with the Dutch admiral Cornelis Speelman against the Makasar kingdom of Gowa-Tallo, which led to the defeat and capture of Makassar in 1669. From this year until 1814 when the British temporarily gained power in the region, Bone was by treaty and in practice the overlord of South Sulawesi, with the exception of Dutch-controlled areas on the west and south coast, including the important port-city of Makassar. When the Dutch returned to Makassar in 1816 they attempted to reduce Bone's status from equal to vassal, a move strongly resisted by Bone's rulers.

Over the course of the 19th century, the power of Bone was reduced as a result of several wars waged against it in 1824, 1859 and 1905. Following a military defeat during the South Sulawesi expeditions of 1905, the Bone State lost its independence to the Dutch. Bone, along with Gowa, became under direct administration.

In the late 1920s, the Dutch restored many royal rulers as a way to suppress the tide of nationalist sentiment. Bone was no exception; in 1931, Mappanyuki, a scion of both the houses of Gowa and Bone, was restored to his family's ancestral position in Watampone.

In May 1950, the people held demonstrations in Watampone against the royalty and Bone's membership in the State of East Indonesia. This caused the sultan to join Indonesia.

List of rulers Rulers of Bone used the title Arung Mangkaue' ri Bone (the king who resides in Bone), shortened to Arumpone, MangkauE, or ArungE' ri Bone. +List of Arumpone No Monarch Gender Reign 1 Manurung ri Matajang (Mata Silompoé) Male 1350 – 1366 2 La Ummasa To'Mulaiyé Panra Male 1366 – 1398 3 La Saliwu (Kerampelua) Male 1398 – 1470 4 Wé Benrigau' Daéng Marawa, Mallajang' ri Cina Female 1470 – 1490 5 Tenrisukki, Mappajungngé Male 1490 – 1517 6 La Uliyo Botoé, Matinroé ri Itterung Male 1517 – 1542 7 La Tenrirawe Bongkange, Matinroe ri Guccina Male 1542 – 1584 8 La Ica, Matinroé ri Adénenna Male 1584 – 1595 9 La Patawe, Matinroé ri Bettung Male 1595 – 1602 10 I Dangka Wé Tenrituppu, Matinroé ri Sidénréng Female 1602 – 1611 11 La Tenriruwa Arung Palakka (Sultan Adam Matinroé ri Bantaéng Male 3 months in 1611 12 Tenripallé To'Akkeppeyang Arung Timurung, Paduka Sri Sultan 'Alauddin Matinroé ri Talloq Male 1611 – 1626 13 La Maqdaremmeng, Paduka Sultan Muhammad Saleh Matinroé ri Bukaka Male 1626 – 1643 14 La Tenriaji To'Senrima, Arung Awamponé Pawélaié ri Siang Male 1643 – 1645 13 La Maqdaremmeng, Paduka Sultan Muhammad Saleh Matinroé ri Bukaka (restored) Male 1667 – 1672 15 La Tenritatta To'Unru Malampéq-é Gemineqna Daéng Serang Arung Palakka, Paduka Sri Sultan Sa'aduddin Matinroé ri Bontoalaq Male 1672 – 1696 16 La Patau Matanna Tikka Arung Palakka, Paduka Sri Sultan Idris Azimuddin Matinroé ri Nagauleng Male 1696 – 1714 17 Batari Toja Daéng Talaga Arung Timurung, Datu Chitta Sultanah Zainab Zulkiyahtuddin Matinroé ri Tippulué Female 1714 – 1715 18 La Paddasajati To'Appawareq Arung Palakka, Paduka Sri Sultan Sulaiman Matinroé ri Béula Male 1715 – 1718 19 La Pareppa To'Soppéwali, Paduka Sri Sultan Shahabuddin Ismail Matinroé ri Somba Opu Male 1718 – 1721 20La Panaongi To'Pawawoi Arung Mampu Karaéng Bisei, Paduka Sri Sultan Abdullah Mansor Matinroé ri BiseiMale 1721 – 1724 21 Batari Toja Daéng Talaga Arung Timurung, Datu Chitta Sultanah Zainab Zulkiyahtuddin Matinroé ri Tippulué (restored, 2nd reign) Female 1724 – 173821Batari Toja Daéng Talaga Arung Timurung, Datu Chitta Sultanah Zainab Zulkiyahtuddin Matinroé ri Tippulué (3rd reign)Female1741 – 1749 22 La Temmassongeq, Paduka Sri Sultan Abdul Razak Jalaluddin Matinroé ri Mallimongeng Male 1749 – 5 June 1775 23 La Tenritappu, Paduka Sri Sultan Ahmad as-Saleh Syamsuddin Matinroé ri Rompegading Male 5 June 1775 – 1812 24 La Mappatunruq, Paduka Sri Sultan Ismail Mokhtajuddin Matinroé ri Lalebbata Male 1812 – 1823 25 I Maniratu Arung Data, Paduka Sri Sultanah Salehah Mahdi Rajiatuddin Matinroé ri Kessi Female 1823 – 1835 (12 years) 26 La Mappaseling Arung Panynyiliq, Sultan Adam Najamuddin Matinroé ri Salassana Male 1835 – 1845 27 La Parénrengi Arung Punyi, Paduka Sri Sultan Ahmad Salleh Muhiyuddin Matinroé ri Adiyang Bénténg Male 1845 – 1857 28 Pancaitana Bessé Kajuara Tenriawaru Matinroé ri Majennang Female 1857 – 1860 29 Singkerru Rukka, Paduka Sri Sultan Ahmad Idris Matinroé ri To'Paccing Male 1860 – 1871 (11 years) 30 I Banrigau' Arung Timurung and Datu Chitta Paduka Sri Sultanah Fatimah Matinroé ri Bolampare'na Female 1871 – 1895 31 La Pawawoi Arung Sijelling, Karaéng Sigeri Matinroé ri Bandung Male 1895 – 1905 32 Andi La Mappanyukki Karaéng Selayar, Paduka Sri Sultan Ibrahim Matinroé ri Gowa Male 1931 – 1946 33 Andi La Paqbénteng Daéng Palawa Arung Pitu and Arung Macégé Matinroé ri Matuju Male 1946 – 1950

Bone State

Bron en licentie