This is a list of crowd collapses and crushes in which at least five people died. The deadliest modern crowd crush incidents have both occurred during the Hajj pilgrimage, with the 1990 Mecca tunnel tragedy claiming 1,426 lives and the 2015 Mina stampede claiming 2,400. (Although the term "stampede" is used in some media outlets, the scientific consensus is that true stampedes involving humans are extremely rare.)

Ancient era In AD 80, the Roman-Jewish historian Josephus recorded that in Jerusalem, while Ventidius Cumanus was procurator of Judea (AD 48–52), a Roman soldier mooned Jewish pilgrims at the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem who had gathered for Passover, and "spake such words as you might expect upon such a posture", causing a riot in which youths threw stones at the soldiers, who then called in reinforcements. The pilgrims panicked, and the ensuing stampede reportedly resulted in the deaths of thousands of Jews. According to Josephus, "upwards of ten thousand" and more than twenty thousand people perished in the event, though these numbers may have been exaggerated.

18th century 11 October 1711: 245 people were killed in a in Lyon, France, when a large crowd returning from a festival on the other side of the Rhône became trapped against an obstruction in the middle of the bridge caused by a collision between a carriage and a cart. 30 May 1770: At least 133 people died when a fireworks display at what is now the Place de la Concorde in Paris, a celebration of the wedding of the future Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, set mannequins and other decorations aflame, leading to a panic in which many were trampled and others drowned in the adjacent Seine. Some historians have put the total death toll up to 3,000.

19th century

deaths Date Name Country Place Description 27–34+ 23 February 1807 1807 Newgate disaster Newgate Prison, London Dozens of spectators were crushed to death when part of a crowd of around 40,000 witnessing an execution surged forward after a wooden cart collapsed. 110 12 February 1823 Carnival tragedy of 1823 Valletta About 110 boys died in a crush while attempting to leave the Convent of the Minori Osservanti during Carnival celebrations. 65 19 February 1849 Theatre Royal disaster Glasgow, Scotland Crush occurred at the Theatre Royal, Dunlop Street, when audience members rushed to escape the building during a fire. 43 20 November 1851 Ninth Ward School disaster New York City, New York Students suffocated after a staircase bannister failed while they were fleeing a possible fire, causing them to pile up at the bottom of the staircase. 20 16 January 1865 Unnamed Dundee, Scotland A crush occurred during admissions into Bell Street Hall for an upcoming promenade. The main entrance for the music hall was a downward flight of stairs with a set of inward opening gates. When the gates were opened, the force of the crowd pushed those in front down the areaway, which caused a pile-up that ultimately killed 20 people, three-quarters being between the ages of 12 and 18. 19 10 October 1872 Ostrowo (now in Poland) 19 women and children were killed in a crowd crush and resulting stairs collapse in a synagogue during the fast of Yom Kippur. A failure of the gas lighting plunged a synagogue balcony (apparently, the women's gallery) into darkness, causing panic among the women.E.Janiszewska, Synagoga w Ostrowie Wielkopolskim-studium architektury [in:] Studia Iudaica Ostroviensia-Ostrowskie Studia Judaistyczne, vol. 1, ed. J. Biernaczyk, W. Suszycki, Ostrów Wielkopolski 2007, pp. 185–202. 278 5 December 1876 Brooklyn Theatre fire Brooklyn, New York Crushes on gallery and balcony staircases during the fire delayed the evacuation of the building, a contributing factor in the reported deaths.'The Class of People who Go To The Gallery' "Special Report of the Fire Marshall" in Papers Relating to the Burning Down of the Brooklyn Theatre British House of Commons London: 1877. p. 15 12 30 May 1883 Brooklyn Bridge stampede New York City, New York Dozens of others injured after a woman tripped on the stairway of the Brooklyn Bridge, which had been open for eight days at the time. The crush was exacerbated by fears the bridge was about to collapse.Dead On The New Bridge – Fatal Crush At The Western Approach. – Front Page – Nytimes.Com. New York Times (2 January 2011). Retrieved 2011-01-19. 183 16 June 1883 Victoria Hall disaster Sunderland, England 183 children aged between 3 and 14 were crushed when over 1,100 children surged down a blocked stairway to collect gifts from the entertainers after the end of a variety show. 40 14 October 1883 Unnamed Ziwonka, Podolia (now in Ukraine) False shouts of fire in the women's gallery in the synagogue caused a crush as people rushed towards the exit. 183 5 September 1887 Exeter Theatre Royal fire Exeter, England Deaths due to inadequate and obstructed fire-escapes. 1,389 18 May 1896 Khodynka Tragedy Khodynka Field, Moscow Crush of those desiring to get presents during the coronation of Tsar Nicholas II – 1,300 more were injured.

20th century