Bilbao is a Spanish surname of Basque origin. Notable people with the surname include:
Beatriz Bilbao (born 1951), Venezuelan composer Esteban de Bilbao Eguía (1879–1970), Spanish politician Francisco Bilbao (1823–1865), Chilean writer, philosopher and politician Juan Bilbao Mintegi (1900–?), Spanish footballer Marcelino Bilbao Bilbao (1920–2014), Spanish soldier Mariví Bilbao (1930–2013), Spanish actress Pello Bilbao (born 1990), Spanish cyclist Tatiana Bilbao (born 1972), Mexican architect Tomás Bilbao Hospitalet (1890–1954), Basque-origin Spanish architect and politician