Caccianemici () is an Italian surname from Bologna, literally translating to 'enemy-chaser'. Notable people with the surname include:
Francesco Caccianemici, Italian Renaissance painter Gerardo Caccianemici, multiple people Ghisolabella dei Caccianemici, Italian 13th-century noblewoman Ubaldo Caccianemici (died 1171), Italian cardinal and cardinal-nephew of Pope Lucius II Vicenzo Caccianemici (), Italian Renaissance painter