Kohlberg is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alfred Kohlberg (1887–1960), American businessman and anti-communist Andy Kohlberg (born 1959), American tennis player Benny Kohlberg (born 1954), Swedish cross-country skier Jerome Kohlberg, Jr., (1925-2015), American financier Lawrence Kohlberg, (1927–1987) developmental psychologist Olga Bernstein Kohlberg (1864–1935), German-American philanthropist Yaron Kohlberg (born 1983), Israeli pianist