Bugayev (masculine, ) or Bugayeva (feminine, ), also transliterated as Bugaev, is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Aleksei Bugayev (1981–2024), Russian footballer Boris Bugayev (1923–2007), Soviet aviator and politician Igor Bugayev (1933–2021), Soviet-Russian politician Nikolai Bugaev (1837–1903), Russian mathematician Nikolai Bugaev (Soviet scientist) (1923–2003), Soviet scientist Roman Bugayev (born 1989), Russian footballer
See also Andrei Bely, pseudonym of Boris Nikolaevich Bugaev, Russian novelist, poet, theorist, and literary critic Bogayev