This article contains the family trees of members of the Cao clan, who ruled the state of Cao Wei (220– February 266) in the Three Kingdoms period (220–280) in China. Only Cao Cao's lineage is shown in this article. The lineages of his relatives, such as Cao Ren, Cao Zhen and others, are not included here.
Cao Song
Cao Song was a foster son of the eunuch Cao Teng and he had at least four sons: Cao Cao, Cao Bin, Cao De,(世語曰：嵩在泰山華縣。太祖令泰山太守應劭送家詣兗州，劭兵未至，陶謙密遣數千騎掩捕。嵩家以為劭迎，不設備。謙兵至，殺太祖弟德於門中。) Shiyu annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 1. and a fourth one whose personal name was not recorded and was only known by his posthumous title "Marquis Ai of Haiyang". The marquis's daughter married Xiahou Yuan's eldest son Xiahou Heng.(長子衡，尚太祖弟海陽哀侯女，恩寵特隆。) Sanguozhi vol. 9.
Cao Cao, his wives, and his children
Lady Bian
Cao Cao and Lady Bian had four sons: Cao Pi, Cao Zhang, Cao Zhi and Cao Xiong.(... 卞皇后生文皇帝、任城威王彰、陳思王植、蕭懷王熊， ...) Sanguozhi vol. 20.
Cao Xiong was succeeded by his son Cao Bing. Cao Bing had no heir.(子哀王炳嗣，食邑二千五百戶。六年薨，無子，國除。) Sanguozhi vol. 19.
Cao Zhang
Cao Zhang married Sun Ben's daughter (personal name unknown). Cao Zhang's son was Cao Kai.(子楷嗣，徙封中牟。) Sanguozhi vol. 19. Cao Zhang also had a daughter (personal name unknown) who married Wang Chang.(王昌，字公伯，為東平相散騎常侍，早卒。婦任城王曹子文女。) Xi Zuochi. Xiangyang Ji (襄陽記), vol. 2, Biographies of Wang Chang and his mother. It is not known whether Cao Zhang's two children were born to Lady Sun (Sun Ben's daughter) or not.
Cao Zhi
Cao Zhi married the daughter of Cui Yan's elder brother.(植，琰之兄女壻也。) Sanguozhi vol. 12. He had two sons — Cao Miao and Cao Zhi (courtesy name "Yungong").(詔書封臣息男苗為高陽鄉公，志為穆鄉公。) Cao Zijian collection (曹子建集), vol. 7, Memorial to express gratitude for the enfeoffment of my two sons as dukes (封二子為公謝恩章).(子志嗣，徙封濟北王。) Sanguozhi vol. 19.(志別傳曰：志字允恭， ...) Zhi Biezhuan annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 19. He also had two daughters — Cao Jinhu and Cao Xingnü.(金瓠，予之首女， ...) Cao Zijian collection (曹子建集), vol. 10, Lamenting Jinhu (金瓠哀辭).(行女生於季秋，而終於首夏。) Cao Zijian collection (曹子建集), vol. 10, Lamenting Xingnü (行女哀辭). It is not known whether Cao Zhi's three children were born to Lady Cui or not; Cao Zhi was recorded to be a son of a concubine.(曹志，字允恭，谯国谯人，魏陈思王植之孽子也。) Jin Shu, vol.50
Lady Liu
Cao Cao and Lady Liu had two sons and a daughter: Cao Ang, Cao Shuo and Princess Qinghe (personal name unknown).(... 劉夫人生豐愍王昂、相殤王鑠， ...) Sanguozhi vol. 20.(魏略曰：太祖始有丁夫人，又劉夫人生子脩及清河長公主。) Weilue annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 5. Princess Qinghe married Xiahou Dun's son Xiahou Mao.(初，太祖以女妻楙，即清河公主也。) Sanguozhi vol. 9.
Cao Ang's successor was Cao Wan, a son of his half-brother Cao Jun (曹均). Cao Wan's son was Cao Lian.(三年，以樊安公均子琬奉昂後， ... 琬薨，謚曰恭王。子廉嗣。) Sanguozhi vol. 20. Cao Shuo's successor was Cao Song, a son of his half-brother Cao Mao (曹茂).(無子，國除。正元二年，以樂陵王茂子陽都鄉公竦繼鑠後。) Sanguozhi vol. 20.
Lady Huan
Cao Cao and Lady Huan had three sons: Cao Chong, Cao Ju and Cao Yu.(... 環夫人生鄧哀王沖、彭城王據、燕王宇， ...) Sanguozhi vol. 20.
Cao Chong's successor was Cao Cong, a son of his brother Cao Ju.(... 命宛侯據子琮奉沖後。) Sanguozhi vol. 20. Cao Yu's son was Cao Huan.(常道鄉公奐，宇之子，入繼大宗。) Sanguozhi vol. 20.(陳留王諱奐，字景明，武帝孫，燕王宇子也。) Sanguozhi vol. 4. Cao Huan married Bian Lin's daughter Empress Bian. Bian Lin was a son of Bian Bing, a younger brother of Lady Bian (another of Cao Cao's wives).(初，太后弟秉， ... 秉薨，子蘭嗣。 ... 封蘭弟琳為列侯， ... 琳女又為陳留王皇后， ...) Sanguozhi vol. 5.
Lady Du
Cao Cao and Lady Du had two sons: Cao Lin and Cao Gun.(... 杜夫人生沛穆王林、中山恭王衮， ...) Sanguozhi vol. 20. Lady Du and her ex-husband Qin Yilu had a son, Qin Lang, who was adopted by Cao Cao after his mother's remarriage.(獻帝傳曰：朗父名宜祿， ... 朗隨母氏畜于公宮，太祖甚愛之，每坐席，謂賔客曰：「豈有人愛假子如孤者乎？」) Xiandi Zhuan annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 3.
Cao Gun's son was Cao Fu.(子孚嗣。) Sanguozhi vol. 20. Cao Lin had a son (Cao Wei)(林薨，子緯嗣。) Sanguozhi vol. 20. and a daughter (personal name unknown). The daughter married Ji Kang.(案嵇氏譜：嵇康妻，林子之女也。) Ji Shipu annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 20.
Lady Qin
Cao Cao and Lady Qin had two sons: Cao Xuan and Cao Jun.(... 秦夫人生濟陽懷王玹、陳留恭王峻， ...) Sanguozhi vol. 20.
Cao Xuan's successor was Cao Zan, a son of his half-brother Cao Lin. Cao Zan's successor was his younger brother Cao Yi. Cao Yi's son was Cao Heng.(早薨，無子。二十年，以沛王林子贊襲玹爵邑，早薨，無子。文帝復以贊弟壹紹玹後。 ... 壹薨，謚曰悼公。子恒嗣。) Sanguozhi vol. 20.
Cao Jun's son was Cao Ao.(子澳嗣。) Sanguozhi vol. 20.
Lady Yin
Cao Cao and Lady Yin had a son: Cao Ju.(... 尹夫人生范陽閔王矩， ...) Sanguozhi vol. 20. Lady Yin and her ex-husband He Xian,(晏字平叔，南陽宛人，何進之孫，何咸之子也。) Siku Quanshu, Classics Section (經部), vol. 35. a son of He Jin, had a son, He Yan, who was adopted by Cao Cao after his mother's remarriage. He Yan married Cao Cao's daughter Princess Jinxiang (personal name unknown).(晏，何進孫也。母尹氏，為太祖夫人。) Sanguozhi vol. 9.(魏末傳曰：晏婦金鄉公主，即晏同母妹。公主賢，謂其母沛王太妃曰：「晏為惡日甚，將何保身？」母笑曰：「汝得無妬晏邪！」) Wei Mo Zhuan annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 9.
Cao Ju's successor was Cao Min, a son of his half-brother Cao Jun (曹均). Cao Min's son was Cao Kun.(范陽閔王矩，早薨，無子。 ... 以樊安公均子敏奉矩後， ... 敏薨，謚曰原王。子焜嗣。) Sanguozhi vol. 20.
Consort Sun
Cao Cao and Consort Sun had three sons: Cao Zishang, Cao Ziqin and Cao Biao.(... 孫姬生臨邑殤公子上、楚王彪、剛殤公子勤， ...) Sanguozhi vol. 20.
Both Cao Zishang(臨邑殤公子上，早薨。太和五年，追封謚。無後。) Sanguozhi vol. 20. and Cao Ziqin(剛殤公子勤，早薨。太和五年追封謚。無後。) Sanguozhi vol. 20. died without heirs. Cao Biao was succeeded by his son Cao Jia.(正元元年詔曰：「故楚王彪， ... 其封彪世子嘉為常山真定王。」) Sanguozhi vol. 20.
Consort Li
Cao Cao and Consort Li had three sons: Cao Zicheng, Cao Zizheng and Cao Zijing.(... 李姬生穀城殤公子乘、郿戴公子整、靈殤公子京， ...) Sanguozhi vol. 20.
Both Cao Zicheng(穀城殤公子乘，早薨。太和五年追封謚。無後。) Sanguozhi vol. 20. and Cao Zijing(靈殤公子京，早薨。太和五年追封謚。無後。) Sanguozhi vol. 20. died without heirs. Cao Zizheng's successor was Cao Fan, a son of his half-brother Cao Ju (曹據). Cao Fan was succeeded by his younger brother Cao Chan.(二十三年薨。無子。 ... 以彭城王據子範奉整後。 ... 無後。四年，詔以範弟東安鄉公闡為郿公，奉整後。) Sanguozhi vol. 20.
Cao Cao's other wives and children
Cao Cao had five other sons who were born to five different mothers: Consort Zhou bore Cao Jun;(... 周姬生樊安公均， ...) Sanguozhi vol. 20. Consort Liu bore Cao Ziji;(... 劉姬生廣宗殤公子棘， ...) Sanguozhi vol. 20. Consort Song bore Cao Hui;(... 宋姬生東平靈王徽， ...) Sanguozhi vol. 20. Consort Zhao bore Cao Mao;(... 趙姬生樂陵王茂。) Sanguozhi vol. 20. Lady Chen bore Cao Gan. Cao Cao also had two other wives: Lady Wang, who raised Cao Gan after Lady Chen's death;(魏略曰：幹一名良。良本陳妾子，良生而陳氏死，太祖令王夫人養之。) Weilue annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 20.(... 王昭儀生趙王幹， ...) Sanguozhi vol. 20. Lady Ding, who raised Cao Ang after the death of Lady Liu (Cao Ang's biological mother).(魏略曰：太祖始有丁夫人，又劉夫人生子脩及清河長公主。劉早終，丁養子脩。) Weilue annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 5. Cao Cao also had four daughters whose mothers were not known: Cao Xian, Cao Jie, Cao Hua and Princess Anyang (personal name unknown). Cao Xian, Cao Jie and Cao Hua married Liu Xie (Emperor Xian of Han)(獻穆曹皇后諱節，魏公曹操之中女也。建安十八年，操進三女憲、節、華為夫人， ...) Houhanshu vol. 10. while Princess Anyang married Xun Yu's son Xun Yun.(太祖以女妻彧長子惲，後稱安陽公主。) Sanguozhi vol. 10.
Cao Ziji died without an heir.(廣宗殤公子棘，早薨。太和五年追封謚。無後。) Sanguozhi vol. 20. Cao Jun was succeeded by his son Cao Kang, who in turn was succeeded by his son Cao Chen.(子抗嗣。 ... 子諶嗣。) Sanguozhi vol. 20. Cao Hui was succeeded by his son Cao Xi.(子翕嗣。) Sanguozhi vol. 20. Cao Xi's son was Cao Kun.(至泰始二年，翕遣世子琨奉表來朝。) Pei Songzhi's annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 20.
Cao Pi, his wives, and his children
Lady Zhen
Cao Pi and Lady Zhen had a son and a daughter: Cao Rui and Princess Dongxiang (personal name unknown).(... 甄氏皇后生明帝， ...) Sanguozhi vol. 20.(及兾州平，文帝納后於鄴，有寵，生明帝及東鄉公主。) Sanguozhi vol. 5.
Consort Xu
Cao Pi and Consort Xu had a son: Cao Li.(... 徐姬生元城哀王禮， ...) Sanguozhi vol. 20. Cao Li's successor was Cao Ti, a son of his cousin Cao Kai (Cao Zhang's son).(五年，以任城王楷子悌嗣禮後。) Sanguozhi vol. 20.
Ladies Pan, Zhu, and Qiu
Three of Cao Pi's wives: Lady Pan, Lady Zhu and Lady Qiu - bore him children as such: Lady Pan bore Cao Rui;(... 潘淑媛生北海悼王蕤， ...) Sanguozhi vol. 20. Lady Zhu bore Cao Jian;(... 朱淑媛生東武陽懷王鑒， ...) Sanguozhi vol. 20. Lady Qiu bore Cao Lin.(... 仇昭儀生東海定王霖， ...) Sanguozhi vol. 20.
Cao Rui's successor was Cao Zan, a son of Cao Min, Cao Ju's heir and Prince of Langya.(二年，以琅邪王子贊奉蕤後，封昌鄉公。) Sanguozhi vol. 20. Cao Jian had no heir.(無子。國除。) Sanguozhi vol. 20. Cao Lin had two sons: Cao Qi and Cao Mao.(子啟嗣。 ... 高貴鄉公髦，霖之子也，入繼大宗。) Sanguozhi vol. 20. Cao Mao married Empress Bian, Bian Long's daughter. Bian Long was Bian Lan's son, Bian Lan was Bian Bing's son. Bian Bing was a younger brother of Cao Pi's mother Lady Bian.(初，太后弟秉， ... 秉薨，子蘭嗣。 ... 蘭子隆女為高貴鄉公皇后， ...) Sanguozhi vol. 5.
Consorts Li, Su, Zhang, and Song
Four of Cao Pi's wives – Consorts Li, Su, Zhang and Song – bore him children as such: Consort Li bore Cao Xie;(... 李貴人生贊哀王恊， ...) Sanguozhi vol. 20. Consort Su bore Cao Yong;(... 蘇姬生邯鄲懷王邕， ...) Sanguozhi vol. 20. Consort Zhang bore Cao Gong;(... 張姬生清河悼王貢， ...) Sanguozhi vol. 20. Consort Song bore Cao Yan.(... 宋姬生廣平哀王儼。) Sanguozhi vol. 20.
Cao Xie's son was Cao Xun.(三年，子殤王尋嗣。 ... 無子。國除。) Sanguozhi vol. 20. Cao Yong's successor was Cao Wen, a son of his cousin Cao Kai (Cao Zhang's son).(五年，以任城王楷子溫嗣邕後。) Sanguozhi vol. 20. Both Cao Gong and Cao Yan died without heirs.
Cao Pi's other wives and children
Cao Pi had seven other wives: the two Ladies Liu, Consort Yin, Consort Chai,(是時柴貴人亦有寵，后教訓獎導之。) Wei Shu annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 5. Lady Ren,(其後帝欲遣任氏，后請於帝曰：「任旣鄉黨名族，德、色，妾等不及也，如何遣之？」帝曰：「任性狷急不婉順，前後忿吾非一，是以遣之耳。」后流涕固請曰：「妾受敬遇之恩，衆人所知，必謂任之出，是妾之由。上懼有見私之譏，下受專寵之罪，願重留意！」帝不聽，遂出之。) Wei Shu annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 5. Lady Li(魏略曰：明帝旣嗣立，追痛甄后之薨，故太后以憂暴崩。甄后臨沒，以帝屬李夫人。) Weilue annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 5. and Guo Nüwang.(黃初元年十月，帝踐阼。踐阼之後，山陽公奉二女以嬪于魏，郭后、李、陰貴人並愛幸， ...) Sanguozhi vol. 5.(文帝定為嗣，后有謀焉。太子即王位，后為夫人，及踐阼，為貴嬪。) Sanguozhi vol. 5. The two Ladies Liu were the daughters of Liu Xie (Emperor Xian of Han). Guo Nüwang was the daughter of Guo Yong and Lady Dong.(魏書曰：父永，官至南郡太守，謚敬侯。母姓董氏， ...) Wei Shu annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 5.
Cao Pi had a son, Cao Jie.(曹喈字仲雍，魏太子之仲子也。) Cao Zijian collection (曹子建集), vol. 10, Lamenting Zhongyong (仲雍哀辭). The identity of Cao Jie's mother is not known.
Cao Rui
Cao Rui had five wives: Empress Mao, Empress Guo, Lady Zhang,(初，張當私以所擇才人張、何等與爽。) Sanguozhi vol. 9. Lady He and Lady Yu.(初，明帝為王，始納河內虞氏為妃， ...) Sanguozhi vol. 5. Empress Mao was Mao Jia's daughter and she had a younger brother, Mao Zeng.(明悼毛皇后，河內人也。 ... 后父嘉，拜騎都尉，后弟曾，郎中。) Sanguozhi vol. 5. Empress Guo was the daughter of Guo Man and Lady Du.(明元郭皇后， ... 追封謚太后父滿為西都定侯，以立子建紹其爵。封太后母杜為郃陽君。) Sanguozhi vol. 5.
Cao Rui had three sons (Cao Jiong,(辛巳，立皇子冏為清河王。) Sanguozhi vol. 3. Cao Mu(乙酉，立皇子穆為繁陽王。) Sanguozhi vol. 3. and Cao Yin(乙酉，皇子殷生，大赦。) Sanguozhi vol. 3.) and two daughters (Cao Shu(太和六年，明帝愛女淑薨，追封謚淑為平原懿公主，為之立廟。) Sanguozhi vol. 5. and the First Princess of Qi). The First Princess of Qi (personal name unknown) married Li Feng's son Li Tao (李韜) initially, but was later remarried to Ren Kai.(初，豐自以身處機密，息韜又以列侯給事中，尚齊長公主，) Wei Shu annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 9.(愷少有識量，尚魏明帝女， ... 有司收太官宰人檢覈，是愷妻齊長公主得賜魏時御器也。) Jin Shu vol. 45.
Cao Rui also had two adoptive sons: Cao Fang and Cao Xun,(齊王諱芳，字蘭卿。明帝無子，養王及秦王詢；宮省事祕，莫有知其所由來者。) Sanguozhi vol. 4.(秋七月，洛陽崇華殿災，八月庚午，立皇子芳為齊王，詢為秦王。) Sanguozhi vol. 3. who were allegedly the sons of Cao Zhang's son, Cao Kai (曹楷).(魏氏春秋曰：或云任城王楷子。) Wei Shi Chunqiu annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 4.
Cao Fang