Eichberg is a German or Ashkenazi Jewish surname, meaning 'oak mountain'. Notable people with the surname include:
Alfred Eichberg (1859–1921), American Jewish architect in Atlanta and Savannah Henning Eichberg (1942–2017), German sociologist and historian Joseph Eichberg (born 1935), American biologist and professor emeritus Julius Eichberg (1824–1893), German-born Jewish American violinist and composer Richard Eichberg (1888–1953), German film director and producer Robert Eichberg (1945–1995), American psychologist, gay rights activist, and co-founder of National Coming Out Day Salomon Eichberg (1786–1880), Jewish cantor in Hohenems and Düsseldorf, teacher of hazzan Salomon Sulzer Søren Nils Eichberg (born 1973), German/Danish composer and conductor