Buchheim () is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Elfriede Buchheim (1900–1995), German painter Emma Sophia Buchheim (1861–1951), English translator and educator Lothar-Günther Buchheim (1918–2007), German author and painter Michael Buchheim (born 1949), German sport shooter Ralf Buchheim (born 1983), German sport shooter Rudolf Buchheim (1820–1879), German pharmacologist