List of primates of Colombia

The primates of Colombia include 41 extant species in 13 genera and five families. Additionally, 12 fossil species in 10 genera and five families have been identified in Colombia, mainly at the La Venta Lagerstätte of the Honda Group, mostly from the so-called "Monkey Unit", "Monkey Beds" or "Monkey Locality",Monkey Locality in the Paleobiology Database the richest site for fossil primates in South America.Rosenberger & Hartwig, 2001, p.3 As of 2013, of the 30 fossil primate species found in South America dating to the Late Oligocene (26 Ma) to the Pleistocene, twelve are described from the Honda Group. The genera Branisella, Caipora, Carlocebus, Chilecebus, Dolichocebus, Homunculus, Killikaike, Mazzonicebus, Proteropithecia, Protopithecus, Soriacebus, Szalatavus and Tremacebus have been discovered in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador and Peru and are not known from Colombia. Additionally, Antillothrix, Insulacebus (both Hispaniola), Paralouatta (Cuba) and Xenothrix (Jamaica) were restricted to the Caribbean.Tejedor, 2013, pp.34–35 The discovery of Perupithecus, described in 2015 from the Late Eocene (35-36 Ma) Santa Rosa fauna in the Yahuarango Formation of the Peruvian Amazon, pushes back the evolutionary lineage of New World primates.Bond et al., 2015, p.540

Extant primates Common name Scientific name Image Distribution & habitat Range map Remarks Notes Aotidae - night monkeys Brumback's night monkey Aotus brumbacki Orinoco region ssp. of A. lemurinus ?; Vulnerable Gray-bellied night monkey Aotus lemurinus Tropical Andes Vulnerable Gray-handed night monkey Aotus griseimembra Northern Colombia east of Sinú River ssp. of A. lemurinus ?; Vulnerable Hernández-Camacho's night monkey Aotus jorgehernandezi West slope of Central Andes (Quindío, Risaralda) Tatamá (West Andes) ? Panamanian night monkey Aotus zonalis Chocó lowlands ssp. of A. lemurinus ? Spix's night monkey Aotus vociferans Amazon region Atelidae - howler, spider, and wooly monkeys Black-headed spider monkey Ateles fusciceps West slope of West Andes, Pacific lowlands Critically endangered Brown spider monkey Ateles hybridus Magdalena Valley, Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Serranía del Perijá Critically endangered Brown woolly monkey Lagothrix lagotricha Amazon region Vulnerable Colombian woolly monkey Lagothrix lugens East Andes foothills, Serranía de la Macarena, Magdalena Valley, Serranía de San Lucas Critically endangered; Endemic ? Geoffroy's spider monkey Ateles geoffroyi Possibly extreme northern Chocó to Baudó Mountains Endangered Juruá red howler Alouatta juara Amazon region may be subspecies of A. seniculus Mantled howler Alouatta palliata Pacific lowlands, western Caribbean lowlands Ursine howler Alouatta arctoidea Northern Orinoco region may be subspecies of A. seniculus Venezuelan red howler Alouatta seniculus Throughout except Pacific & La Guajira White-bellied spider monkey Ateles belzebuth Parts of Amazon region, Serranía de la Macarena, foothills of East Andes Endangered Callitrichidae - marmosets & tamarins Black-mantled tamarin Saguinus nigricollis Amazon region Brown-mantled tamarin Saguinus fuscicollis Amazon region Sympatric with pygmy marmoset Cotton-top tamarin Saguinus oedipus Caribbean region, PNN Tayrona Critically endangered; Endemic Geoffroy's tamarin Saguinus geoffroyi Chocó lowlands and foothill forest Goeldi's marmoset Callimico goeldii Amazon region Vulnerable Graells's tamarin Saguinus graellsi Amazon region ssp. of S. nigricollis ?; Near threatened Mottle-faced tamarin Saguinus inustus Amazon region Pygmy marmoset Cebuella pygmaea Amazon region White-footed tamarin Saguinus leucopus Northern Colombia; dry and humid forest Allopatry from S. oedipus; Endangered; Endemic Cebidae - capuchins & squirrel monkeys Colombian white-faced capuchin Cebus capucinus Pacific lowlands, Gorgona Island Map shows combined range of Colombian and Panamanian white-faced capuchins; Colombian white-faced capuchin range shown in red Common squirrel monkey Saimiri sciureus Amazon region Subsequent taxonomic research restricts S. sciureus to Brazil and the Guianas; replaced in Colombia by S. cassiquiarensis Humboldt's squirrel monkey Saimiri cassiquiarensis Amazon region Large-headed capuchin Sapajus macrocephalus Amazon region may be ssp. of S. apella Marañón white-fronted capuchin Cebus yuracus Southern Colombia Río Cesar white-fronted capuchin Cebus cesarae Río Cesar valley Endemic Santa Marta white-fronted capuchin Cebus malitiosus Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta Endangered; Endemic Sierra de Perijá white-fronted capuchin Cebus leucocephalus Northern Colombia Tufted capuchin Cebus apella Amazon region, Orinoco region Varied white-fronted capuchin Cebus versicolor Río Magdalena Valley Endangered; Endemic Humboldt's white-fronted capuchin Cebus albifrons Amazon region Several white-fronted capuchin species were formerly considered subspecies of C. albifrons Pitheciidae - titis, sakis & uakaris Black titi Callicebus lugens Orinoco & Amazon lowlands, between Caquetá & Tomo Rivers Caquetá titi Callicebus caquetensis Caquetá Critically endangered; Endemic Collared titi Callicebus torquatus Amazon region Colombian black-handed titi Callicebus medemi Amazon region, between Caquetá & Putumayo Rivers Vulnerable; Endemic Golden-backed uakari Cacajao melanocephalus Between Caquetá & Guaviare Rivers, to Serranía de la Macarena Lucifer titi Callicebus lucifer Amazon region, between Caquetá & Putumayo Rivers Monk saki Pithecia monachus Amazon region, south of Caquetá River Ornate titi Callicebus ornatus East Andean foothills to Serranía de la Macarena Vulnerable; Endemic White-tailed titi Callicebus discolor Amazon region Vulnerable

Fossil primates

Age Formation Family Genus Species Notes Mid Miocene(Laventan) Honda Group Aotidae Aotus A. dindensis Atelidae Miocallicebus M. villaviejai Stirtonia S. tatacoensis(syn. Kondous laventicus) S. victoriae Callitrichidae Lagonimico L. conclucatus Micodon M. kiotensis Patasola P. magdalenae Cebidae Saimiri S. annectens(syn. Laventiana annectens, Neosaimiri annectens) S. fieldsi(syn. Neosaimiri fieldsi) Pitheciidae Cebupithecia C. sarmientoi Nuciruptor N. rubricae incertae sedis(Callitrichidae, Pitheciidae or Aotidae) Mohanamico M. hershkovitzi

See also

List of Central American monkey species List of mammals of Colombia Biodiversity of Colombia Fauna of Colombia

References

Bibliography