Maxson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alvin Maxson (1951–2022), American football player Eileen Maxson (born 1980), American artist Herbert B. Maxson (died 1927), American civil engineer Louis Maxson (1855–1916), American archer Orrin T. Maxson (1823–1895), American physician and Wisconsin pioneer Robert Maxson, American academic Stephen Maxson, American behavior geneticist William Maxson (1930–2013), American Air Force officer