This is a list of even-toed ungulate species by estimated global population. This list is not comprehensive, as not all ungulates have had their numbers quantified. Note that this is only a subset of the order Artiodactyla, listing terrestrial species only. For populations of the cetaceans (infraorder Cetacea), see list of cetaceans.
Where available, population is given as number of mature individuals following IUCN reporting standards of estimating effective population size.
Wild species by population Common nameBinomial namePopulationStatusTrendNotesImageKoupreyBos sauveli0-50Last confirmed sighting occurred in 1970. Most likely extinct. Saola Pseudoryx nghetinhensis 25-750 Best estimate for number of mature individuals is 50-300. It is possible that species has fallen below the minimum viable population. Addax Addax nasomaculatus – Total population is estimated to be < 100 individuals. Dama gazelle Nanger dama 45 – 78 All extant subpopulations have fewer than 50 mature individuals. Pygmy hog Porcula salvania 100-250 ? Values given are for mature population. Approximately 100 captive individuals have been reintroduced to the wild. Scimitar oryx (Scimitar-horned oryx)Oryx dammah140-160Values given are absolute minimum for mature, wild individuals. Total population is estimated to be 227–1,452 individuals in Chad, and an additional 200 in Tunisia. Approximately 15,000 individuals are held in captivity. Hirola Beatragus hunteri 200-250 Values given are for mature population. Bawean deer Axis kuhlii – Values given are estimates of total population. Tamaraw Bubalus mindorensis 220-300 Total population is estimated to be at least 430 individuals. Persian fallow deer Dama mesopotamica >250 Previously thought to be extinct. Value given is total estimated number of adults. There are approximately 430 individuals held in captivity. Rhim gazelle (Slender-horned gazelle) Gazella leptoceros 300-600 Per IUCN assessment, it "is highly unlikely that the remaining population numbers more than a few hundred." Togian babirusa (Togian Islands babirusa)Babyrousa togeanensis Value given is maximum estimate for total population (2008), though interviews with local residents indicate population could be higher. Walia ibex Capra walie 585 Total population is estimated to be 975 individuals.Père David's deerElaphurus davidianus600N/AValue given is for population of individuals living in the wild after escaping captivity, ca. 2015. More recent estimates give feral population of 2,825 individuals and a total population (including captivity) of 9,062 individuals.Eld's deerRucervus eldii< 700Population could be higher, but remaining populations are expected to be sparsely distributed across range. Visayan spotted deer (Philippine spotted deer)Rusa alfredi 700 Total population is estimated to be 1,100 individuals. Anhui musk deer Moschus anhuiensis – Most recent estimate was in 1998. Wild Bactrian camel Camelus ferus 780–1,380 Total population is estimated to be 1,040–1,840 individuals. Arabian oryx Oryx leucoryx 850 Total population in wild is estimated to be 1,220 individuals. This estimate does not include individuals in captivity (ca. 6,000-7,000). Calamian deer Axis calamianensis 887–1,359 1994 estimate of total population; has almost certainly decreased. South Andean deer (Patagonian huemul) Hippocamelus bisulcus – Maximum estimate for total population is 1,500 individuals. Przewalski's gazelle Procapra przewalskii 1,320-1,635 Values given are for total population. Abbott's duikerCephalophus spadix Maximum estimate for total population. Mountain nyalaTragelaphus buxtoni 1,500-2,500 It is likely that total population is between 1,500 and 2,000 individuals, but a 2007 survey indicated a maximum population of 4,000. Heuglin's gazelle (Eritrean gazelle)Eudorcas tilonura1,750-2,450Total population is estimated to be, at most, 2,500-3,500 individuals. Nilgiri tahrNilgiritragus hylocrius – Values given are for total population (2008). Jentink's duiker Cephalophus jentinki 2,000 Value given is estimate of total population, circa 2001. Pygmy hippopotamusChoeropsis liberiensis 2,000-2,499 Global population has not been recently quantified; estimate is for total population, based on 1993 data. Central Asian red deer (Tarim red deer)Cervus hanglu2,000-2,500Values given are estimate of mature individuals. Arabian tahr Arabitragus jayakari 2,202-2,324 Total population is estimated to be 2,446 individuals. Cuvier's gazelleGazella cuvieri 2,360-4,560 Values given are for total population. Banteng Bos javanicus 2,475-4,900 Values given are estimate for total population; best estimate for total population is 3,300 individuals. Lowland anoaBubalus depressicornis< 2,500Value given is estimate for mature population. Mountain anoaBubalus quarlesi < 2,500 Value given is estimate for mature population. Wild water buffalo Bubalus arnee 2,500 Total population is estimated to be less than 4,000 individuals. Mountain gazelle Gazella gazella 2,500 Value given is for mature population. Total population was estimated to be 10,000 individuals ca. 1990s but is expected to now be much lower. Long-tailed goralNaemorhedus caudatus2,500-10,000Values given are number for mature individuals. European bisonBison bonasus 2,518 Value given is number of mature individuals in free-living, wild populations. DibatagAmmodorcas clarkei2,800Total population is estimated to be approximately 4,000 individuals. West Caucasian tur (Western tur)Capra caucasica 3,000-4,000 Total population is estimated to be 4,000-5,000 individuals. Chacoan peccaryCatagonus wagneri 3,200 Estimate was made in 2002; wide-scale deforestation of their habitat began in 2003. Soemmerring's gazelle Nanger soemmerringii 4,000-5,000 Total population is tentatively estimated to be <6,000-7,500 individuals. BarasinghaRucervus duvaucelii 4,100-5,050 Values are an estimate of total population, which consists of three subspecies: R. d. duvaucelli (3,450-4,200 individuals) R. d. ranjitsinhi (350-500 individuals) R.d. branderi (300-350 individuals) Taruca Hippocamelus antisensis 4,162-5,750 Total population is estimated to be 15,750-21,000 individuals. Nile lechweKobus megaceros 4,291 Value is the result of an early dry season count from 2007. A count from the same season in 1983 estimated 12,000 total individuals. Nubian ibex Capra nubiana 4,500 Estimate for mature individuals only due to some areas lacking population estimates. Arabian gazelleGazella arabica5,000-7,000Total population is estimated to be 12,000 individuals, ca. 2008. Barbary sheep (Aoudad)Ammotragus lervia 5,000-10,000 Values given are estimate for mature population. Markhor Capra falconeri 5,754 Total population is estimated to be 9,700 individuals, which includes ~900 animals assumed to live in areas without data. Gaur Bos gaurus 6,000-21,000 Total population is estimated to be 15,000-35,000 individuals. BeiraDorcatragus megalotis 7,000 Value given is estimate for total population, circa 1999.Thorold's deer (White-lipped deer)Cervus albirostris7,000?Value given is most recent estimate for total population, circa 1998. Given other contemporary estimates, could be slight underestimate. Hairy-fronted muntjac (Black muntjac)Muntiacus crinifrons 7,000–8,500 Values given are estimate of total population in 1998. Red goral Naemorhedus baileyi 7,000-10,000 Values given are for mature individuals; best estimate is 7,000-8,000 mature individuals. Four-horned antelope Tetracerus quadricornis 7,000-10,000 Total population is estimated to be >10,000 individuals, circa 2001. Wild yak Bos mutus 7,500-9,999 Values given are estimate of mature population. Giant eland Tragelaphus derbianus 8,400-9,800 Total population is estimated to be 12,150-14,200 individuals. Small red brocketMazama bororo 8,500 Value given is an estimate for mature population. Zebra duikerCephalophus zebra 9,500 Total population was estimated to be 15,000 individuals ca. 2001. Black wildebeestConnochaetes gnou 9,765-11,382 Total wild population is estimated to be 16,260 individuals, with an additional 18,000+ individuals on ranches. Sulawesi babirusaBabyrousa celebensis9,999 Javan rusa (Javan deer)Rusa timorensis 10,000 Total population in native range is estimated to be 13,000-20,000. However, more than 200,000 individuals exist in populations across its introduced range. OkapiOkapia johnstoni 10,000-50,000 Values given are best guesses for total population, combining estimates from 1999 and 2013. Southern pudúPudu puda > 10,000 Value given is estimate for total population, assuming 10% of suitable habitat is occupied. East African oryx (Beisa oryx) Oryx beisa 11,000-13,000 Estimates for total population by subspecies: O. b. beisa (12,000 total individuals) O. b. callotis (4,000-6,000 total individuals) American bisonBison bison 11,248-13,123 Total wild population is estimated to be 31,000 individuals (20,000 plains, 11,000 wood bison). Including captive herds would add at least 10,000 individuals. Red-fronted gazelleEudorcas rufifrons 12,000 Value given is for total population. Aders's duikerCephalophus adersi14,000Total population is estimated to be 20,000 individuals. BongoTragelaphus eurycerus 15,000-25,000 Two subspecies: T. e. isaaci (~100 total individuals) T. e. eurycerus (28,000 total individuals). MouflonOvis gmelini16,000?Total population is estimated to be 26,500 individuals.UrialOvis vignei18,000Total population is estimated to be 30,000 individuals. Grey rhebokPelea capreolus 18,000 Value given is an estimate for total population ca. 1999. Populations are expected to have decreased. Harvey's duikerCephalophus harveyi 20,000 Value given is an estimate for total population ca. 1999, though is expected to be "a substantial underestimate." NyalaTragelaphus angasii 20,000-27,500 Total population is estimated to be 36,500 individuals. Pampas deerOzotoceros bezoarticus 20,000-80,000 Values given are an estimate of minimum-maximum total population size, ca. 1994. East Caucasian tur (Eastern tur)Capra cylindricornis23,000Total population is estimated to be 31,000–32,000 individuals. Silver dik-dikMadoqua piacentinii 30,000 Value given is an estimate for total population ca. 1999. BlackbuckAntilope cervicapra 35,000 ? Total population was estimated to be 50,000 individuals ca. 2000. Sizeable introduced populations exist in Argentina and USA. Ogilby's duikerCephalophus ogilbyi 35,000 Value given is an estimate for total population ca. 1999. IUCN considers this species to have two subspecies:
Brooke's (C. o. brookei; 5,000 individuals) White-legged (C. o. crusalbum; 18,000 individuals) Dorcas gazelleGazella dorcas35,000-99,999Values given are a very rough estimate for total population, ca. 1999. Mountain reedbuckRedunca fulvorufula 36,000 Value given is an estimate for total population ca. 1999. Red forest duiker (Natal red duiker)Cephalophus natalensis 42,000 Value given is an estimate for total population ca. 1999; may be an underestimate. KlipspringerOreotragus oreotragus 42,000 Value given is an estimate for total population ca. 1999; may be an underestimate. Goitered gazelle Gazella subgutturosa 42,000-49,000 Values given are estimate for number of mature individuals. Total population was estimated to be 120,000-140,000 individuals ca. 2001, but is expected to be lower now due to rapid declines.Bharal (Blue sheep)Pseudois nayaur47,000-414,000?Values given range from a "very conservative estimate" to "probably an overestimate." Mountain goat Oreamnos americanus 48,000-62,000 Total population is estimated to be 80,700-117,200 individuals. Bighorn sheepOvis canadensis49,000 Total population is estimated to be 82,655-84,000 individuals. Iberian ibex (Iberian wild goat) Capra pyrenaica 50,000 Total population is estimated to be 100,000 individuals. Pyrenean chamois