Otzma Yehudit () is a far-right, ultranationalist, and Kahanist political party in Israel. The party was founded on 13 November 2012 as Otzma LeYisrael (; ) and is the ideological descendant of the outlawed Kach party. It has six members in the Knesset.
The party advocates for the deportation of those who they consider to be the "enemies of Israel", and leader Itamar Ben-Gvir was associated with the original Kach movement, though he now disagrees with the stance of deporting all Arabs from Israel. The party has been widely described in the international press as an extremist, ultranationalist, and racist organisation supporting Jewish supremacy and has been described by multiple sources, including the Israeli sociologist Eva Illouz, as a "Jewish fascist group".
Otzma ran independently in the 2013 election and as part of a list with ultra-Orthodox party Yachad in 2015. Though in both elections Otzma did not manage to pass the electoral threshold, the Yachad list was around 10,000 votes short of the threshold. Ahead of the first 2019 election, the party ran with the Jewish Home as part of the Union of Right-Wing Parties, after Naftali Bennett abandoned the Jewish Home to form the New Right party. While the Union of Right-Wing Parties passed the threshold, winning five seats, Otzma only held the seventh spot on the list, as their other representative Michael Ben-Ari was banned for incitement. After Ben-Ari was banned, Ben-Gvir was appointed leader of the party.
The party ran independently in the second 2019 election, winning 1.88% of the vote, though some polls had predicted that the party would pass the threshold. Despite coming to an agreement with the Jewish Home to contest the 2020 Israeli legislative election as the United Jewish Home, Otzma was left to run independently when the Jewish Home, the New Right, and Tkuma re-formed Yamina. In the 2021 election, Otzma ran on a joint list with the Religious Zionist Party and Noam, as part of a deal orchestrated by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, that would include the list receiving an extra seat from the Likud list. Following the 2021 election, Ben-Gvir won a seat, with the deal considered to have brought the party into the mainstream of Israeli politics. The party won an additional five seats in the 2022 elections. The party gained an additional seat in January 2025, but lost it in April as Religious Zionist Party MK Zvi Sukkot re-entered the Knesset and replaced Otzma MK Almog Cohen.
Background Aryeh Eldad was first elected to the Knesset on the National Union list in 2003. In November 2007, Eldad formed a new secular far-right party named Hatikva. Ultimately, Hatikva ran as a faction of the National Union in the 2009 elections, and Eldad retained his seat. Michael Ben-Ari ran for Knesset unsuccessfully in the 2003 elections with the Herut – The National Movement party, and in the 2006 elections with the Jewish National Front party; both times, the parties failed to pass the threshold. Leading up to the 2009 elections, the Jewish National Front, headed by long-time Kach party activist Baruch Marzel, allied with Eretz Yisrael Shelanu, a new party founded by Chabad Rabbi Shalom Dov Wolpo. The joint list ran as part of the National Union, with Michael Ben-Ari, its representative, taking the fourth spot on the alliance's list. The National Union won four seats, allowing Ben-Ari to enter the Knesset.
The party was originally formed as Otzma LeYisrael (; ), on 13 November 2012 by Eldad and Ben-Ari, who split from the National Union to form a new party ahead of the 2013 elections.
Eldad, a secular hard-liner, and Ben-Ari, an Orthodox Jew and former Kach activist, decided to form the new faction Otzma LeYisrael in October 2012, before the 2013 election, after months of infighting within the National Union, over if the party should hold primaries or not. Eldad was chosen to lead the party's list, followed by Ben-Ari and Marzel; the party was officially formed as a breakaway of the National Union on 13 November 2013. The party has affiliations with, and shared their office with, the anti-assimilation group Lehava, whose Director-General Bentzi Gopstein is a member of the party. The office of Lehava and Otzma Yehudit was raided in 2014. The party's anthem is the "Jingle of Otzma LeYisrael".
Ideology
The party is considered to be Religious Zionist, Kahanist, ultra-nationalist, anti-Arab, and far-right, and has also been described as racist, though the party disputes this. Various sources, including the Israeli sociologist Eva Illouz, have described the party as a Jewish supremacist and Jewish fascist group. Otzma Yehudit calls for a one-state solution, including the annexation of the West Bank and complete Israeli rule of the land between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea. The party is against the formation of a Palestinian state, and advocates cancellation of the Oslo Accords, as well as for imposing Israeli sovereignty over the Temple Mount.
The party advocates for increased emphasis on the teaching of Jewish history in all elementary schools to "deepen Jewish identity in students". The party is against "freezing construction of Jewish settlements, releasing terrorists, or negotiating with the PA". The party advocates deportation of "Arab extremists". On 24 February 2019, party member Itamar Ben Gvir called for the expulsion of Arab citizens of Israel who are not loyal to Israel. In 2022, current leader Ben-Gvir endorsed deporting the Joint List chairman Ayman Odeh, as well as the anti-Zionist Neturei Karta sect, "on a train." As part of his 2022 campaign he also advocated for giving full immunity to soldiers. While his party advocates for deportations, Ben-Gvir stated he was wrong when he held the position in his youth that all Arabs should be expelled.
The party advocates what it calls "Jewish capitalism" as its economic system, and claims that its approach would save "billions of shekels from the reduction of the defense budget following the removal of the enemy", which would be directed at infrastructure development, reducing bureaucracy and regulations, as well as allocating resources to strengthen "weak populations". The party also supports aiding the elderly and disabled. The party is also opposed to abortion. The party supports easing restrictions on the IDFs rules of engagement. As part of a political merger with The Jewish Home, the party pledged to oppose price tag attacks.
History
2012-2013
In November 2012, Michael Ben-Ari announced the campaign slogan for the 2013 elections: "There are no rights without duties". The party failed to pass the election threshold.
2014-2015 In 2014, police raided the offices of Otzma Yehudit, due to the offices being shared with the organization Lehava.
This was also the year that the party announced they would be participating in the 2015 election; they announced that their slogan would be: "Those on the right vote Otzma Yehudit! Autonomy? Two states? There's Meretz for that. One state – Otzma Yehudit!"
In 2015, the party chose to contest the 2015 Knesset election as part of a joint list with Yachad; Baruch Marzel was the only candidate from the party to run on the list. There was a conflict during the negotiations between the parties due to Yachad being worried that if the parties ran on a list together, and failed to pass the threshold, it would put the right-wing coalition at risk. It was speculated before the election that the joint list would win as many as five seats in the Knesset. Though in the election, Yachad only won 125,106 votes (2.97%) votes, falling short of the 3.25% threshold needed for winning seats in the Knesset. Members of the ultra-Orthodox Shas party were accused of tampering with the ballots of Yachad, as well as creating a straw party with the election symbol of Otzma Yehudit to trick Yachad voters. After the elections, the party announced that they were planning on establishing an alternative media source. Michael Ben-Ari also said that the party was unsure if it planned on competing in other elections, instead hoping to focus on extra-parliamentary activism.
2016 In June 2016, Otzma Yehudit organized a march from 'Ara to Ar'ara. The march started in Ara due to it being the village which Nashat Melhem was from, who was a terrorist responsible for an attack in Tel Aviv. The application for the march was originally denied; however, after an appeal to the Supreme Court, the march was allowed to go on, though they had to respect the conditions set by the police.
2017 On 19 July 2017, the party requested a permit from police to organize a march in Umm al-Fahm. On 21 July, the party distributed food to security forces in Jerusalem. On 23 July, dozens of party members demonstrated outside of the Prime Minister's Office in Jerusalem in the evening; the demonstrators called upon Defense Minister Avigdor Lieberman to resign. On the evening of 24 July, their party blockaded a junction just outside Nablus, preventing both the entry and exit of Palestinians. On 24 September, the party's planned conference in Lod was cancelled by orders of the Lod City Hall; it was instead held in Gandhi Garden. After it was rescheduled, the party's leader, Michael Ben-Ari, released a video calling for Arabs to leave Israel and move to Arab countries. The conference was condemned by the Coalition Against Racism in Israel. On 1 November, the party put up billboards for the memorial of Meir Kahane, though the billboards were taken down after pressure from left-wing lawmakers, as well as NGOs. On 4 December, in protest of stone-throwing by Arabs against a group of Jewish children on a hike, activists from the party announced that they would hike to the same cave that the children went to. They were stoned by Arabs as well.
2018-2019 In January 2018, Baruch Marzel and Michael Ben-Ari distributed Tigrinya-language flyers in Tel Aviv inviting refugees to the houses of Meretz MKs and left-wing activists. On 9 April 2018, it was reported that the police withdrew their permit for them to demonstrate in Umm al-Fahm; however, under the Eldad Yaniv precedent, they would continue with their protest which was planned a year earlier without police permission. The protest occurred on 10 April, with dozens of activists attending; however, the police blocked the party from entering the city, although Public Security Minister Gilad Erdan said that they were allowed to earlier that morning. Party leaders, Michael Ben Ari, Baruch Marzel, Zvi Sukkot, and Itamar Ben Gvir were arrested en route. The protest included Lehava leader Gopstein. On 6 August, the party received permission to march in Umm al-Fahm after petitioning the Supreme Court. The march occurred without incident on 9 August.
On 5 November 2018, the party announced it was running for the April 2019 Israeli legislative election. They also launched a crowd-funding page to fund their campaign. The funding campaign resulted in the party receiving NIS 820,000. After Naftali Bennett announced that he was leaving The Jewish Home party to form the New Right party, Otzma Yehudit called on Bezalel Smotrich and Eli Yishai to create an Orthodox-nationalist bloc for running in the 2019 elections.