Notholebias is a genus of fish in the family Rivulidae. These threatened annual killifish are endemic temporary waters, like ponds, in the Atlantic Forest in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil (the equally threatened killifish genera Leptolebias and Nematolebias are restricted to the same state).Costa, W.J.E.M. & Amorim, P.F. (2013): Delimitation of cryptic species of Notholebias, a genus of seasonal miniature killifishes threatened with extinction from the Atlantic Forest of south-eastern Brazil (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 24 (1): 63-72.
They are small fish that are up to in total length. Like other killifish, the males are more colorful than the females and the primary difference between the species is the male colors.
Species Notholebias was formerly included in Leptolebias. There are currently four recognized species of Notholebias:
Notholebias cruzi (W. J. E. M. Costa, 1988) Notholebias fractifasciatus (W. J. E. M. Costa, 1988) Notholebias minimus (G. S. Myers, 1942) (barredtail pearlfish) Notholebias vermiculatus W. J. E. M. Costa & Amorim, 2013
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