USS Paragua was a schooner-rigged iron gunboat in the United States Navy during the Philippine–American War. Paragua was one of four Arayat class gunboats built by the Manila Ship Co. for the Spanish navy in 1887–88. Her sister ships were the , and .
Arayat, Samar, Pampanga and Paragua all were 243 tons. Samar was the first completed in 1887 and was 116 ft, while the other three, built at the same time in 1887–88, were 121 ft long. They were a scaled down design based on the larger El Cano at 620 tons and 166 ft that had been built in Spain. The primary design criterion was a shallower draft, seven feet or less, and length, in order to better adapt to the shallow reefs and rivers of the Philippines. For their small size, the boats were quite fast, maneuverable, and heavily armed.
Paragua was laid down for the Spanish Navy by the Manila Ship Company, Cavite, Philippine Islands, in March 1887 and launched in January 1888. She was named for the island of Palawan, known as Paragua prior to 1905. When the Spanish–American War broke out in April 1898, Paragua was part of the Spanish Pacific Fleet based at Manila, PhilippinesThe New York Times, 30 March 1898The New York Times, 2 April 1898 Paragua was one of ten gunboats put up for sale in early 1899 by the Spanish navy at its former base on the southern island of Basilan following the signing of the Treaty of Paris that ended the Spanish–American War. The gunboats were purchased by a syndicate of private individuals put together by General Elwell Otis, the U.S. Army commander, in order to prevent their being acquired by the Philippine Revolutionary government. The Army bought the ships from the syndicate and then sold them to the U.S. Navy in early May 1899. Paragua was commissioned on 29 May 1899, Ensign W.C. Davidson, commanding.
Service history Paragua was in continuous service from 1899 to 1911, other than from August 1902 until early 1904, when she and several other gunboats were placed out of commission during a reduction of the Asiatic Station. Most of Paraguas service, other than the first two years she was in commission, was spent patrolling in southern Philippine waters. On 13 September 1899, Paragua, engaged insurgents at Baleno, Masbate, south of Luzon and north of Visayas that were directing rifle-fire at the ship from a range of 400–900 yards. The attack was silenced in 20 minutes and Paragua captured and destroyed a Filipino schooner.The New York Times, 5 September 1899 On 14 September 1899, Paragua engaged about 300 rifle-firing insurgents heavily entrenched at a distance of 700–1,000 yards at the northern Philippine town of San Fabian, Pangasinan, on Lingayen Gulf.The New York Times, 20 September 1899 Aside from repelling shore based attacks from insurgents, in the first few years of the 20th century, Paragua and her sister ships performed interdiction and blockade duty to intercept smugglers of cargo and humans in the shallow waters and shoals of the Western Visayas region and in particular, between Iloilo on the southeast side of Panay and Guimaras, Negros and Romblon.The New York Times, 3 January 1900 Paragua also provided naval gunfire support, reconnaissance and transported U.S. Army troops battling the insurgency in the southern Philippine islands.The New York Times, 6 March 1900 Annual Report of the Secretary of the Navy for the Fiscal Year 1900, p. 504Annual Report of the Secretary of the Navy for the Fiscal Year 1900, p. 550
In 1901, Paragua and her sister ship, Samar, were operating out of the U.S. Naval Station at Cebu.The New York Times, 22 February 1901 In July 1901, Paragua and other gunboats assisted the army in establishing 20 garrisons at Samar Island by ascending the rivers to penetrate the island which had no roads.The New York Times, 18 July 1901 On 12 July 1902, Secretary of the Navy William Henry Moody ordered Read Admiral Frank Wildes, commander of the Asiatic Station to place six gunboats, including Paragua out of commission as part of a force reduction.The New York Times, 13 July 1902
Paragua, Ensign Charles S. Kerrick, commanding, was recommissioned in 1904 as part of the Philippine Squadron of the Asiatic Fleet.Annual Report of the Secretary of the Navy, 1905, p. 388Register of Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the Navy of the United States and Marine Corps, January 1906, pp. 188 Along with her sister ships, and , Paragua's home base was at Parang on the island of Mindanao on the Moro Gulf near the city of Cotabato and Illana Bay. Paragua'''s main duties continued to be suppression of piracy, gun-running, banditry and slave-trading, as well as providing support and transportation for the U.S. Army and Philippine Constabulary in quelling the ongoing insurgency in the southern Philippine islands, known as the Moro Rebellion.
In the beginning of 1905, Paragua, Pampanaga and Samar worked in cooperation with the U.S. Army to suppress an uprising in the Rio Grande Valley on Mindanao. During March and April 1905, under the direction of the governor of the Moro Province, army Major General Leonard Wood, Paragua with the assistance of several army launches patrolled the coast of Jolo "while suppressing insurrection on that island."Annual Report of the Secretary of the Navy, 1905, p. 486 Moro is the Spanish word for "Moor". The Islamic Moros were of medium height, robust and fearless warriors. With a love of the brightest colors, the men wore pantaloons skin-tight below the knee, colorful shirts and tunics, capped with vivid turbans and earrings of metal and seashells. For working or when expecting a fight, their pants were loose. The women wore similar loose pants, with or without skirts and tight-fighting jackets often open. They were "born warriors" and the steel weapons which they superbly crafted and had wielded with lightning speed and lethal dexterity for centuries, resulted in the formerly occupying Spanish generally leaving them alone to engage with relative impunity in piracy and robbing other tribes. Their razor-sharp, two-handed sword known as a barong could cleave a head in a stroke. For thrusting, they used the deadly kris, a straight stiletto-type knife notable for its often wavy steel blade. For hacking, they used the campilan, a long machete, carried in a sheath of two wood strips bound with a ring, where in a split-second the striking blow cut the ring to free the weapon and slice the victim. They sometimes wore coats of mail crafted from metal wire and carabao horn, carried shields and wore helmets of brass. The juramentados, or "sworn men" had taken solemn oaths to die while taking the blood of Christians, believing their reward was an enhanced afterlife.Phelan, Capt. Henry DuR (1906) The Peoples of the Philippines, pp. 17–23National Geographic, "Non-Christian Peoples of Philippine Islands", vol. 24, 1913Paragua participated in the Third Sulu Expedition (1–13 May 1905) commanded by Major General Wood,Annual Report of the Secretary of the Army, 1906, p. 609 and joined the expedition on 9 May at the "blasted crater", a dormant, 1,200-foot volcano so-called because the seaward wall of the crater was blown out. The crater was situated on the southeast coast of Jolo Island and was the stronghold of Datu Hatai, a Moro chieftain who had built a cottas, an earth and wood fortress, where he and about 400 of his followers were camped, including about 100 warriors. The mission of the expedition had been to penalize several reluctant datus that resisted paying the cedula or head tax, that Wood had assessed to fund a number of his improvement projects.Moroland: The History of Uncle Sam and the Moros 1899–1920 2nd Ed., by Robert A. Fulton
On the way to join Wood's army troops at the crater to provide shore support, by chance Paragua encountered two of the five torpedo boat destroyers of the Asiatic Fleet Torpedo Boat Destroyer Flotilla, and . This was during the Russo-Japanese War and at a time when the president Roosevelt had issued a proclamation of neutrality. Following the departure of the Russian Baltic Fleet to the east, the Destroyer Flotilla had been sent south to patrol the coast of Palawan and the waters north of Borneo and otherwise cooperate with Paragua and the other gunboats of the Philippine Squadron that were patrolling south of Mindanao. Barry and Chauncey were responding to reports that several Russian warships had entered Philippine territorial waters without authorization while steaming north to China.The New York Times, 22 May 1905Annual Report of the Secretary of the Navy, 1906, p.487 Kerrick convinced the destroyer captains to divert course to Jolo to add more firepower. On 8 May, both destroyers, along with Paragua and the U.S. Army steam yacht were underway for Jolo.Log book of U.S. Gunboat Paragua, 14 April 1905 through 5 November 1905, entry for 8 May 1905 Arriving at Jolo, there was an overnight standoff while negotiations were made for a surrender. The destroyers played their searchlights into the crater the entire night. While the threat of a shore bombardment likely played a part in Datu Hatai's surrender the following morning, thereby avoiding a bloodbath, the normally fearless Moros were likely unnerved by the bright "devil eyes" of these strange lights illuminating their lair throughout the night.Hobbs, Horace Potts (1962) Kris and Krag: Adventures Among the Moros of the Southern Philippine Islands The Philippine coast guard cutter Tablas was also involved in the expedition.Moroland: The History of Uncle Sam and the Moros 1899–1920, 2nd Ed. by Robert A. Fulton
The next day, 11 May, ninety soldiers of the U.S. Army 17th Infantry came aboard Paragua to take passage to Pata Island. Paragua escorted Sabah, carrying companies of the 17th Infantry and 14th Cavalry to confront another datu thought to be hostile. At about 1 pm, Paragua anchored off Pata and landed the soldiers, along with a landing party of nine bluejackets commanded by Paraguas executive officer, Passed Midshipman Allen B. Reed and a navy M1895 Colt-Browning machine gun.Log book of U.S. Gunboat Paragua, 14 April 1905 through 5 November 1905, entry for 11 May 1905 When confronted by U.S. forces, Datu Haramain did not resist, and all but the provisional company (about 100 men) of the 17th Infantry, commanded by army Lieutenant Horace P. Hobbs, were moved back to Jolo on the Sabah while Paragua remained at Pata with the army provisional company. However, they were attacked by 68 warriors led by a tribal holy man named Tungalang, who had given them oils to rub on their bodies in the tragic belief that it would make them invincible to bullets. They were all killed in their assault without any casualties on the American side.Moroland: The History of Uncle Sam and the Moros 1899–1920, by Robert A. Fulton Midshipman Reed directed part of the firing line during the attack on Pata, though he was unarmed having given his sidearm to a soldier whose rifle jammed. Reed also acted as signal officer for the provisional company of the 17th Infantry by having two or three of his sailors manning signal flags. The Colt machine-gun crew returned to Paragua about 10 pm that night. After the action, Paragua conveyed the 17th Infantry back to Jolo.Log book of U.S. Gunboat Paragua, 14 April 1905 through 5 November 1905, entry for 11 May 1905Moroland: The History of Uncle Sam and the Moros 1899–1920, 2nd Ed. by Robert A. FultonHobbs, Horace Potts (1962) Kris and Krag: Adventures Among the Moros of the Southern Philippine Islands