The Government of India has social welfare and social security schemes for India's citizens funded either by the central government, state government or concurrently. Schemes that the central government fully funds are referred to as "central sector schemes" (CS). In contrast, schemes mainly funded by the center and implemented by the states are "centrally sponsored schemes" (CSS). In the 2022 Union budget of India, there are 740 central sector (CS) schemes. and 65 (+/-7) centrally sponsored schemes (CSS).
From 131 CSSs in February 2021, the union government aimed to restructure/revamp/rationalize these by the next year. In 2022 CSS's numbered 65 with a combined funding of . In 2022, there were 157 CSs and CSSs with individual funding of over each. Central sector scheme actual spending in 2017-18 was , in 2019-20 it was while the budgeted amount for 2021-22 is . Schemes can also be categorised as flagship schemes. 10 flagship schemes were allocated in the 2021 Union budget of India. The subsidy for kerosene, started in the 1950s, was slowly decreased since 2009 and eliminated in 2022.
Implementation of government schemes varies between schemes, and locations, and depends on factors such as evaluation process, awareness, accessibility, acceptability, and capability for last-mile implementation. Government bodies undertaking evaluations and audits include NITI Aayog, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, and the Comptroller and Auditor General of India.
List
Key Scheme: Name with abbreviation and official/literal translation CS/CSS: Central Sector / Centrally Sponsored Scheme New form of existing scheme
Legend
Scheme CS/CSS Lead Ministry Year of Launch Sector SummaryOne Nation One SubscriptionCSSMoE2025EducationOne-stop digital library in India with institutional access to global research in various academic disciplines.PM VishwakarmaCSMoMSME2023MSME DevelopmentAims at improving the quality as well as the reach of products and services of artisans and craftspeople and to ensure that they are integrated into the domestic and global value chains.Amrit Bharat Station SchemeCSSMoR2023TransportationScheme to redevelop existing railway stations and make stations more comfortable and convenient for passengers, and to transform them into vibrant city centers.PM eBus SevaCSSMoHUA2023Urban TransportPM-eBus Sewa supports public transport by deploying 10,000 electric buses under a PPP model. It aids in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and includes urban mobility projects like the National Common Mobility Card for seamless travel in urban areas.Mahila Samman Savings Certificate (MSSC) 2023FinanceMSSC Scheme was launched by the Government of India in Budget 2023 for women and girls in India.Agnipath SchemeCSMoD2022DefenseThe Agnipath Scheme will be the sole method for recruiting soldiers below the rank of commissioned officers into the three branches of the armed forces. Under this scheme, all recruits, referred to as "Agniveers," will serve for a fixed term of four years. "Agniveer" will also be introduced as a new military rank.PM Poshan Shakti Nirman Abhiyaan(PM-POSHAN, Prime Minister's Overarching Scheme for Holistic Nourishment, () PM Nutrition Power Building Scheme)CSSMoWCDHealth, EducationRevamped version of 1995 Midday Meal Scheme to provide free lunch to school children. Financial outlay in 2022 was . Grouped under the umbrella scheme "Saksham Anganwadi and POSHAN 2.0", it aims to reducing stunting, under-nutrition, anemia, and low birth weight.PM SVANidhiCSSMoHUA2020Urban DevelopmentProvides working capital loans to street vendors in urban areas, incentivizing repayments and digital transactions.Strengthening Teaching-Learning and Results for States(STARS)CSSMoE2020EducationTo improve school education in six states covering 10 million teachers. This is a continuation of GOI-World Bank efforts since 1994 towards the same goal. Implemented through Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan.Svamitva Yojana(Survey of Villages Abadi and Mapping with Improvised Technology in Village Area)CSMoPR2020Rural developmentTo help in mapping of properties in villages with the help of drones. Aims in helping to reduce disputes over property. The portal will help in making it easier for villagers to avail bank loans.Garib Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyaan(Poor Welfare Employment Campaign)CS12 ministries2020EmploymentEmployment campaign for the poor following coronavirus pandemic covering 12 ministries and 6 states. Launched on 20 June 2020 and ended on 22 October 2020.PM Matsya Sampada Yojana(PMMSY, PM Fish Resources Scheme)CSSMoFAHD2020FisheriesNationwide welfare measures for farmers in the fisheries sector. For the period 2020-2024 estimated allocation of for implementation.PM Kisan Samman Nidhi(PM KISAN, PM Farmer's Tribute Fund)CSMoF2019AgricultureIncome support of per year to eligible farmers through Direct Benefit Transfer.Jal Jeevan Mission(Water Life Mission)CSSMoJS2019Rural developmentAccelerated Rural Water Supply Programme began in 1972. Restructured into National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP) in 2009. To provide water to each rural household through individual taps. Financial outlay in 2022 is . Consists of 'Har Ghar Nal Se Jal' or 'Nal Se Jal Scheme'. Also Har Ghar Jal.Atal Bhujal Yojana(Atal Jal, Atal Groundwater Scheme)CSMoJS2019WaterWorld Bank funded scheme (50:50) to improve ground water management with focus on Panchayats. Implementation in seven states between 2020 and 2026 with initial funding of .PM Kisan Urja Suraksha Evam Utthan Mahabhiyan(PM KUSUM Scheme, PM Energy Security and Upliftment Campaign)CSMoNRE2019AgricultureFor the installation of solar pumps and other renewable power plants across the nation targeted towards farmers. Towards Paris Agreement targets for renewable energy.PM Shram Yogi Mandhan(PM SYM)CSMoLE2019Financial securitySocial security to unorganized sector and through voluntary contribution and monthly pension after 60 through direct benefit transfer. Implemented by LIC and CSCs.PM Annadata Aay Sanrakshan Abhiyan(PM AASHA, Farmer Income Protection Scheme)CSMoAFW2018AgricultureFor farmer welfare through creating a profitable ecosystem for selected products. Consists of sub-schemes such as Price Support Scheme (PSS) and Price Deficiency Payment Scheme (PDPS). Ayushman Bharat Yojana(AB PM-JAY, Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana, People's Health Scheme)CSS MoHFW Health Ayushman Bharat National Health Protection Scheme (AB-NHPS) aims to provide free access to healthcare for 50 crore people in the country. Implemented across India expect 3 states/UTs. By July 2021 Ayushman cards issued numbered 16.14 crore. By March 2022 hospitalisations under the scheme had crossed 30 million with a valuation of .Samagra Shiksha(National Education Mission)CSSMoE2018EducationTo improve overall effectiveness of schools from pre-nursery to class 12 and other measures. In 2022 it financial outlay allocated . Subsumes Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan and others. World Bank supported.PM Jan Vikas Karyakaram(PMJVK, PM People Progress Programme)CSSMoMA2018DevelopmentStarted in 2008 as Multi-sectoral Development Programme (MSDP). Development of minority concentration areas.Rashtriya Gram Swaraj Abhiyan(RGSA, National Village Swaraj Campaign)CSSMoPR2018Rural developmentTo strengthen Panchayati Raj institutions and support them towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals.World Class Institutions SchemeCSMoE2017EducationTo enable 10 private and public institutions to attain world class academic and research facilities. Aim is to create Institutes of Eminence.Khelo India – National Programme for Development of SportsCSMoYAS2017SportsSporting infrastructure, sponsorship, excellence. Competitions such as Khelo India University Games and Winter Games. General fitness of the population.Saubhagya YojanaCSSMoP2017ElectricityLast-mile electrification for all households in India. The program focuses on providing power to unelectrified homes, boosting quality of life and aiding socio-economic growth in rural and remote areas.Krishonnati YojanaCSSMoAFW2017AgricultureUmbrella scheme subsuming 11 schemes.PM Matritva Vandana Yojana(PM Maternity Support Scheme)MoWCDMother CareLaunched as the Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana in 2010. Renamed in 2017. A cash incentive of not less than to pregnant/lactating women.Digital Payment InfrastructureMultiple2016Financial InclusionEncourages digital transactions through platforms like UPI, RuPay, and FASTag. It is a part of India's strategy to create a cashless economy, improving financial inclusion and transparency while reducing reliance on cash-based transactions.PM Ujjwala Yojana(PM Lighting Scheme)CSSMoP&NG2016Energy, Health, PovertyLaunched to provide free LPG connections to women from below poverty line families.UDANCSMoCA2016AviationRegional Connectivity Scheme (RCS) - UDAN promotes affordable air travel by connecting unserved and underserved airports. It boosts regional connectivity and supports infrastructure upgrades for tier-2 and tier-3 cities.PM Fasal Bima Yojana(PM Crop Insurance Scheme)CSMultiple2016AgricultureInsurance and finance scheme for farmers.Stand-Up IndiaCSMoF, MoSJE2016EntrepreneurshipLoans for scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and women entrepreneurs for greenfield enterprises. Loans can be applied online. By July 2021, 1.16 lakh loans disbursed amounting to . By 2022, 81% of loan beneficiaries are women.National Hydrology ProjectCSMoJS2016WaterMulti-pronged project to improve hydrology related practices. World Bank supported. Australian Water Partnership (AWP) provides technical assistance. The Hydrology Project started in 1995 and was expanded through the National Hydrology Project in 2016.Start-Up India [simple]CSSDPIIT (MoCI)2016EntrepreneurshipPM Krishi Sinchai Yojana(PMKSY, PM Agriculture Irrigation Scheme)CSSMultiple2015AgricultureMulti-pronged scheme focusing on improving agricultural productivity through irrigation support and better practices. In 2022 financial outlay is . Part of Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna.PM Mudra Yojana(PM Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency Scheme)CSMoF2015FinancingMUDRA is a financial institution for funding small businesses. 34,42,00,000 beneficiaries have received . New entrepreneurs consist 22% of the beneficiaries.Smart Cities MissionCSSMoHUA2015UrbanRedevelopment, retrofitting, greenfield development of 100 cities. Large diversity in success of implementation. Digital IndiaCS MeitY, MoF IT It aims to ensure that government services are available to citizens electronically and people get benefits from the latest information and communication technology. Has expanded into production linked incentives, promotion of electronics manufacturing, R&D and improvement of the National Knowledge Network and electronic governance.Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric (& Hybrid) Vehicles in India Scheme(FAME India Scheme)CSMoHI2015Transport, Fuel securityPart of the National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP) 2020. PM Gramin Awas Yojana(PMAY-G, PM Rural Housing Scheme)CSS MoRD 2016 Housing, Rural Original form 1985. Provides financial assistance to rural poor for constructing their houses themselves. This generates income and employment as well. Sample housing designs have been proposed through UNDP, MoRD and IIT, Delhi collaboration. PM Awaas Yojana - (Urban)(PMAY-R, PM Housing Scheme Urban)CSS MoHUA Housing, Urban To enable better living and drive economic growth stressing on the need for people centric urban planning and development. It envisages a "Slum Free India" in which every citizen has access to basic civic infrastructure and social amenities. By March 2024, 56,20,000 units had been delivered to beneficiaries. Atal Pension Yojana(Atal Pension Scheme)CS MoF Pension Original form in 2010 as the Swavalamban Yojana.