Judge royal

The judge royal,Engel 2001, p. 92.Stephen Werbőczy: The Customary Law of the Renowned Kingdom of Hungary in Three Parts (1517), p. 450. also justiciar,Rady 2000, p. 49. chief justiceSegeš 2002, p. 202. or Lord Chief JusticeFallenbüchl 1988, p. 145. (,Fallenbüchl 1988, p. 72. ,Zsoldos 2011, p. 26. , ), was the second-highest judge, preceded only by the palatine, in the Kingdom of Hungary between around 1127 and 1884. After 1884, the judge royal was only a symbolic function, but it was only in 1918 — with the end of Habsburgs in the Kingdom of Hungary (the kingdom continued formally until 1946) — that the function ceased officially.

There remain significant problems in the translation of the title of this officer. In Latin, the title translates as 'Judge of the Royal Court', which lacks specificity. In Hungarian, he is 'Judge of the Country', with 'country' in this sense meaning 'political community', being thus broadly analogous to the German 'Land'. English has no obvious translation for Landesrichter, which is the direct German translation of országbíró.

List of office-holders

Twelfth century

| 1138| George, son of Cronik | Béla II | "curie regalis officia disponens"

| 1145 (?)| Rednald | Géza II | "curialis comes"; only a non-authentic charter refers to him as judge royal

| 1162–1164| Gabriel | Stephen III | | Zsoldos 2011, p. 27.Markó 2006, p. 280. |- | 1163 Brocca appointed by anti-king Stephen IV 1164–1172 Lawrence Stephen III Markó 2006, p. 285. 1171 (?) Peter Stephen III "curialis comes"; only a non-authentic charter refers to him as judge royal c. 1174–1181 Cumpurdinus Béla III Markó 2006, p. 274. 1183 Peter Béla III Markó 2006, p. 290. 1184 Charena Béla III 1185–1186 Mog Béla III Markó 2006, p. 240. 1188–1193 Dominic Miskolc Béla III also ispán of Bodrog County (1192–1193) Markó 2006, p. 286. 1197–1198 Esau Emeric according to non-authentic charters already since 1193–1195; also ispán of Csanád County (1197–1198) Markó 2006, p. 225. 1198 Peter, son of Töre Emeric also ispán of Szolnok County (1198) 1199 Mika Ják Emeric also ispán of Bihar County (1198–1199) Markó 2006, p. 233. 1199–1200 Vejte Csanád Emeric also ispán of Nyitra County (1199–1200), and ispán of Krassó County (1200) Markó 2006, p. 276.

Thirteenth century

Term Incumbent Monarch Notes Source 1201 Achilles Emeric also ispán of Keve County (1201) Zsoldos 2011, p. 28.Markó 2006, p. 268. 1202–1204 Julius Kán Emeric first rule; also ispán of Csanád County (1202–1203), and ispán of Nyitra County (1204) Markó 2006, p. 235. 1205–1206 Smaragd Andrew II also ispán of Szolnok County (1205–1206) Markó 2006, p. 292. 1207 Marcellus Tétény Andrew II first rule; also ispán of Csanád County (1206–1207) Markó 2006, p. 296. 1208–1210 Nicholas Andrew II also ispán of Pozsony County (1208), and ispán of Keve County (1208–1209, 1209–1210) 1211–1212 Marcellus Tétény Andrew II second rule; also ispán of Keve County (1211–1212) 1212–1213 Julius Kán Andrew II second rule; also ispán of Bács County (1212–1213) 1214 Martin Hont-Pázmány Andrew II also ispán of Csanád County (1214) 1215–1217 Atyusz Atyusz Andrew II according to a non-authentic charter also in 1218; also ispán of Bács County (1215) Markó 2006, p. 270. 1219–1221 Julius I Rátót Andrew II first rule; also ispán of Keve County (1219–1221) 1221–1222 Bánk Bár-Kalán Andrew II also ispán of Fejér County (1221–1222), and ispán of Bodrog County (1222) Zsoldos 2011, p. 29.Markó 2006, p. 216. 1222 Pousa Bár-Kalán Andrew II 1222 Lawrence Atyusz Andrew II also ispán of Nyitra County (1222) 1222 Solomon Atyusz Andrew II also ispán of Moson County (1222) 1222–1224 Batiz Negol Andrew II also ispán of Békés County (1222–1224) Markó 2006, p. 287. 1224–1230 Ladislaus I Kán Andrew II first rule; also ispán of Békés County (1224), ispán of Nyitra County (1224–1225), and ispán of Bács County (1226–1230) 1231–1232 Benedict, son of Samud Andrew II 1232–1234 Demetrius Csák Andrew II first rule; also ispán of Bács County (1233–1234) Markó 2006, p. 275. 1234–1235 Ladislaus I Kán Andrew II second rule; also ispán of Bács County (1234–1235) 1235–1239 Julius I Rátót Béla IV second rule; also ispán of Csanád County (1235), and ispán of Keve County (1236–1238) 1239–1241 Andrew, son of Serafin Béla IV also ispán of Pozsony County (1235–1241); killed in the Battle of Mohi Zsoldos 2011, p. 30.Markó 2006, p. 269. 1241 Paul Geregye Béla IV first rule; also ispán of Fejér County (1238–1241) 1242 Ladislaus I Kán Béla IV third rule 1242–1244 Demetrius Csák Béla IV second rule; also ispán of Moson County (1242–1244) 1244 (?) Mojs Béla IV only a non-authentic charter refers to him as judge royal Markó 2006, p. 239. 1245–1246 Stephen I Gutkeled Béla IV also ispán of Nyitra County (1245–1246) Markó 2006, p. 228. 1246 (?) Demetrius Csák Béla IV only a non-authentic charter refers to him as judge royal, if so, he was also ispán of Bodrog County in the same period 1247 Ladislaus I Kán Béla IV fourth rule 1247 Roland Rátót Béla IV first rule Markó 2006, p. 250. 1248–1254 Paul Geregye Béla IV second rule; also ispán of Zala County (1248–1255) Zsoldos 2011, p. 31. 1254–1260 Henry Kőszegi Béla IV also ispán of Somogy County (1247–1260) Markó 2006, p. 230. 1262–1265 Lawrence, son of Kemény Béla IV also ispán of Zala County (1262–1264), and ispán of Moson County (1263, 1264) 1267–1269 Ernye Ákos Béla IV first rule; possibly held office until 1270 based on information relating to his deputy; also ispán of Vas County (1267–1269) 1270–1272 Nicholas Monoszló Stephen V also ispán of Somogy County (1270–1272) Zsoldos 2011, p. 32. 1272 Denis Péc Ladislaus IV first rule; also ispán of Varaždin County (1272) Markó 2006, p. 247. 1272–1273 Alexander Karászi Ladislaus IV also ispán of Orbász County (1272–1273) 1273 Ladislaus II Kán Ladislaus IV first rule; also ispán of Baranya, Szeben Counties and Bánya ispánate (1273) 1273 Matthew II Csák Ladislaus IV also ispán of Bánya ispánate (1273) Markó 2006, p. 219. 1273 Ladislaus II Kán Ladislaus IV second rule 1273–1274 Nicholas Gutkeled Ladislaus IV also ispán of Gecske ispánate (1273–1275) 1274 Ernye Ákos Ladislaus IV second rule; also ispán of Szatmár County (1274) 1275 Denis Péc Ladislaus IV second rule; also ispán of Zala County (1275) Zsoldos 2011, p. 33. 1275 Thomas Hont-Pázmány Ladislaus IV first rule; also ispán of Pozsony County and Sempte ispánate (1275) 1275 Nicholas Geregye Ladislaus IV also ispán of Bánya ispánate (1275) 1275–1276 Ugrin Csák Ladislaus IV 1276 Mojs, son of Mojs Ladislaus IV also ispán of Somogy County (1275–1276) 1276 Maurice Osl Ladislaus IV also ispán of Vas County (1276) 1276 James Bána Ladislaus IV 1277 Denis Péc Ladislaus IV third rule Zsoldos 2011, p. 34. 1277 Roland Rátót Ladislaus IV second rule 1278 Julius II Rátót Ladislaus IV 1278–1279 Stephen II Gutkeled Ladislaus IV also ispán of Moson County (1278–1279) 1280 Peter Aba Ladislaus IV 1280–1281 John Ladislaus IV also ispán of Bars County (1281) 1283 Rubinus Hermán Ladislaus IV Markó 2006, p. 291. 1283–1285 Amadeus Aba Ladislaus IV first rule Markó 2006, p. 214. 1285 Demetrius Balassa Ladislaus IV also ispán of Zólyom County (1285–1287) Zsoldos 2011, p. 35. 1288 Gregory Péc Ladislaus IV Markó 2006, p. 289. b. 1289 Ivánka Hont-Pázmány Ladislaus IV mentioned as "quondam iudex curie domini regis" in 1300; made a will and testament in 1289 1289 Amadeus Aba Ladislaus IV second rule 1290 (?) Andrew Ladislaus IV only non-authentic charters refer to him as judge royal, if so, he was also ispán of Nyitra County in the same period 1291–1293 Thomas Hont-Pázmány Andrew III second rule 1293–1297 Apor Péc Andrew III 1298–1300 Stephen Ákos Andrew III Zsoldos 2011, p. 36.Markó 2006, p. 215.

Fourteenth century

Term Incumbent Monarch Notes Source 1301–1311Presumably the position was vacant during the period of the Interregnum 1311–1314 John Csák Charles I betrayed the King and joined his distant relative, Matthew III Csák in 1314 Engel 1996, p. 1314–1324 Lampert Hermán Charles I also ispán of Csanád County (1314–1324), ispán of Nyitra County (1322–1324), ispán of Zala County (1323–1324), and castellan of Tapolcsány (1322–1324) 1324–1328 Alexander Köcski Charles I also ispán of Vas County (1327–1328), and castellan of Varna, Beszterce and Sárvár (1327–1328) 1328–1349 Paul Nagymartoni Charles I,Louis I also castellan of Beszterce (1328–1349) 1349–1354 Thomas Szécsényi Louis I also ispán of Keve County (1349–1350), ispán of Turóc County (1350–1354), and castellan of Beszterce (1349–1354) Markó 2006, p. 293. 1354–1355 Nicholas Drugeth Louis I also ispán of Turóc County (1354–1355), and castellan of Beszterce (1354–1355) Markó 2006, p. 277. 1355–1358 Nicholas Szécsi Louis I first rule; also ispán of Turóc County (1355–1358), and castellan of Beszterce (1355–1358) Markó 2006, p. 253. 1359 Nicholas Csák Louis I 1360–1369 Stephen Bebek Louis I also castellan of Beszterce (1360–1369) 1369–1372 Nicholas Szécsi Louis I second rule 1372–1373 James Szepesi Louis I first rule Markó 2006, p. 295. 1373 Peter Cudar Louis I also ispán of Trencsén, Sáros and Zólyom Counties (1372–1373) 1373–1380 James Szepesi Louis I second rule; also ispán of Trencsén and Szepes Counties, castellan of Beszterce (1373–1376), and judge of the royal free cities (1376–1378) 1381–1384 Nicholas Szécsi Louis I,Mary third rule; also ispán of Pozsony, Vas and Sopron Counties (1381–1382) 1385 Thomas Szentgyörgyi Mary Markó 2006, p. 294. 1385–1386 John Kaplai Mary first rule Markó 2006, p. 283. 1386 Emeric Bebek Charles IIfirst rule 1386–1392 Emeric Bebek Mary & Sigismund second rule after a short period of vacancy; also ispán of Bars County (1386–1388), ispán of Bereg County (1388–1390), ispán of Liptó and Turóc Counties (1390–1392), and castellan of Boldogkő (1386–1392) 1392–1395 John Kaplai Mary & Sigismund second rule 1395 Simon Szécsényi Sigismund 1395–1397 John Pásztói Sigismund also ispán of Nógrád County (1395–1397) 1397–1408 Frank Szécsényi Sigismund participated in a rebellion against Sigismund in 1401

Fifteenth century

Judge royal

Bron en licentie