Vasilchenko (; ) is a Ukrainian surname, derived from Vasily, the Ukrainian equivalent of the given name Basil. Notable people with the surname include:

Alexei Vasilchenko (born 1981), Kazakhstani ice hockey player Georgy Vasilchenko (1921–2006), Russian sexologist Liliya Vasilchenko (born 1962), Soviet cross-country skier Olga Vasilchenko (born 1956), Russian rower Yury Vasilchanka (born 1994), Belarusian hammer thrower

See also