Politics and government Heads of state and government Four presidents of the United States have had connections to Princeton. Princeton alumni and former students have served as heads of government in Bangladesh, Belgium, New South Wales (Australia), Peru, Senegal, and South Korea. Name Affiliation Notability Refs PhD 1975 Chief advisor of the caretaker government (interim prime minister) of Bangladesh, 2007–09; governor of Bangladesh Bank, 2001–05 PhD 1978 Prime minister of South Korea, 2009–10 F 1899–1908, T 1901–08 22nd and 24th president of the United States, 1885–89, 1893–97; governor of New York, 1883–85 Att 1935 35th president of the United States, 1961–63; U.S. senator from Massachusetts, 1953–60; U.S. Navy officer during World War II MPA 1961 66th president of Peru, 2016–2018; prime minister of Peru, 2005–06; deputy director-general of the Central Reserve Bank of Peru, 1967–69; minister of Energy and Mines, 1980–82; minister of Economy and Finance, 2001–02, 2004–05 B 1771, Princeton's first GS Fourth president of the United States, 1809–17; secretary of state, 1801–09; "father of the U.S. Constitution" MPP 201347th premier of New South Wales, 2023– PhD 1910 First president of South Korea, 1948–60 Att Prime minister of Senegal, 2002–04 B 1879, Pres 1902–10 28th president of the United States, 1913–21; governor of New Jersey, 1911–13 PhD 1921 Prime minister of Belgium, 1936–37

Vice presidents Three vice presidents of the United States and one vice-president of Kenya have attended Princeton. Name Affiliation Notability Refs Att Vice president of the United States, 1857–61; U.S. senator from Kentucky, 1861; Confederate States secretary of war, 1865 B 1772 Vice president of the United States, 1801–05; U.S. senator from New York, 1791–97 B 1810 Vice president of the United States, 1845–49; U.S. senator from Pennsylvania, 1831–33; ambassador to Russia, 1837–39; ambassador to the United Kingdom, 1856–61 PhD 1962 Vice-president of Kenya, 1988–89

Cabinet members and senior ministers This lists cabinet members and other senior ministers to national governments. Most associated with Princeton have been members of the cabinet of the United States, but Princetonians have also served in the cabinets of Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Germany, Greece, Haiti, Mexico, the Netherlands, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, and Turkey. John C. Breckinridge served in the Cabinet of the Confederate States of America, the nation proclaimed by the rebelling Southern states during the American Civil War.

Name Affiliation Notability Refs Att U.S. secretary of war, 1813–14; U.S. senator from New York, 1800–02, 1804; minister to France, 1804–10; minister to Spain, 1806 AM 1963, PhD 1972 Minister of Foreign Affairs of Canada, 1996–2000 PhD 1977 Minister of Culture of Haiti, 1994–95 B 1952 White House chief of staff, 1981–85, 1992–93; U.S. secretary of the treasury, 1985–88; secretary of state, 1989–92 B 1848 U.S. secretary of war, 1869–76 F 1985–2002 Chair of the U.S. Council of Economic Advisors, 2005–06; chairman of the Federal Reserve, 2006–; member of the Federal Reserve Board, 2002–05 B 1781 U.S. attorney general, 1829–31; U.S. senator from Georgia, 1825–29, 1841–45, 1845–52 B 1792 U.S. secretary of the treasury, 1844–45 MPA, AM, PhD, F 1954–57, T U.S. secretary of the treasury, 1977–79 B 1976, F 2009– U.S. Office of Management and Budget director, 2003–06; White House chief of staff, 2006–09 B 1772, AM 1775 U.S. attorney general, 1794–95 Att Confederate States secretary of war, 1865; vice president of the United States, 1857–61; U.S. senator from Kentucky, 1861 B 1834 U.S. attorney general, 1881–85 MPA 1972 Secretary of Urban Development and Ecology of Mexico, 1986–88; mayor of Mexico City, 1988–93 B 1852 U.S. secretary of war, 1876–77; U.S. senator from Pennsylvania, 1877–97; chairman of the Republican National Committee, 1880 B 1794 U.S. secretary of the treasury, 1814; U.S. senator from Tennessee, 1811–14, 1815–18; minister to Russia, 1818–21 B 1952 U.S. National Security advisor, 1986–87; secretary of defense, 1987–89 B 1973 Minister of Foreign Affairs of Mexico, 2000–03 PhD 1966 Vice-minister of National Defense of the Republic of China (Taiwan), 2000–02 B 1820 U.S. Secretary of War, 1849–50; governor of Georgia, 1843–47 B 1971 U.S. Office of Management and Budget director, 2001–03; governor of Indiana, 2005–13 PhD 1973, F 1973–78 Finance minister of Turkey, 2001–02; administrator of the United Nations Development Programme, 2005–09 B 1789 U.S. secretary of the Navy, 1834–38; governor of New Jersey, 1815–17; U.S. senator from New Jersey, 1817–33 B 1908 U.S. secretary of state, 1953–59; U.S. senator from New York, 1949 B 1952 Minister of Defence of the Netherlands, 1986–88 Att Minister of Justice of West Germany, 1969 B 1970 Minister of Finance of Canada, 2006–2014 Att U.S. secretary of the Navy, 1944–47; first secretary of defense, 1947–49 B 1799 U.S. secretary of state, 1834–41; U.S. senator from Georgia, 1818–19, 1829–34; governor of Georgia, 1827–29 B 1977 Associate director of White House Cabinet Affairs, 1983–1985; director of White House Public Affairs, 1985–1987 Reagan University of TexasThe Atlantic F 1966–71, 1972–80 First Minister of Culture of Turkey, 1971 BA 2003 United States secretary of defense, 2025– MCF 1970 U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, 1999–2001; special envoy for Afghanistan and Pakistan, 2009–10 MSE 1986 Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2009–2013 MPA 1974, PhD 1978 Minister for the Economy, Competitiveness and Shipping of Greece, 2009–10; minister for Labour and Social Security, 2010–11 B 1945 U.S. attorney general, 1965–66 F 1987– 2019 Chair of the U.S. Council of Economic Advisers, 2011–2013 MPA 1971 Minister of Energy and Mines, 1980–82; minister of Economy and Finance, 2001–02, 2004–05; prime minister of Peru, 2005–06; deputy director-general of the Central Reserve Bank of Peru, 1967–69 Att12th director of the National Economic Council, 2018–2021 PhD 1974 U.S. National Security advisor, 1993–97 B 1775 U.S. attorney general, 1795–1801 B 1781 U.S. secretary of state, 1831–33.; mayor of New York City, 1801–03; U.S. senator from Louisiana, 1829–31; ambassador to France, 1833–35 B 1771, Princeton's first GS U.S. secretary of state, 1801–09; president of the United States, 1809–17; "father of the U.S. Constitution" B 1980 Chair of the U.S. president's Council of Economic Advisers, 2003–05 AM 1825 U.S. attorney general, 1843–45 B 1991 U.S. Office of Management and Budget director, 2009–10; Congressional Budget Office director, 2007–08 B 1933 U.S. Bureau of the Budget director, 1949–50; secretary of the Army, 1950–53 MPP 2010 Minister of National Defence of Colombia, 2011–2015 Att U.S. secretary of war, 1843–44 B 1847 U.S. secretary of the Navy, 1869–77 F 1985–88 Chair of the U.S. president's Council of Economic Advisers, 2009–10 F 1974– Chair of the U.S. president's Council of Economic Advisers, 2005 B 1957 Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1970–73, 1983–85 B 1954 White House chief of staff, 1974–75; secretary of defense, 1975–77, 2001–06; U.S. ambassador to NATO, 1973–74 B 1797 U.S. attorney general, 1814–17; secretary of the treasury, 1825–29; ambassador to the United Kingdom, 1817–25; ambassador to France, 1847–49 B 1964 Minister of Foreign Affairs of Saudi Arabia, 1975–2015 B 1967 Minister of Foreign Affairs of Zimbabwe, 1987–1995 B 1942 U.S. secretary of labor, 1969–70; Office of Management and Budget director, 1970–72; secretary of the treasury, 1972–74; secretary of state, 1982–89 GS Minister of Fisheries of Canada, 1952–57. B 1781 U.S. secretary of the Navy, 1801–09; secretary of state, 1809–11 B 1804 U.S. secretary of the Navy, 1823–29; interim secretary of the treasury, 1825; interim secretary of war, 1828; U.S. senator from New Jersey, 1821–23, 1833–42; governor of New Jersey, 1832–33 MPP 2001 Minister of Foreign Affairs of Costa Rica, 2006–10; ambassador to the United Nations, 2002–06 F 1979–88 Chair of the U.S. president's Council of Economic Advisers, 1995–97; World Bank chief economist, 1997–2000; Nobel Prize in Economics, 2001 AM 1983 Minister of Sport and Recreation of South Africa, 2004–10 B 1788 U.S. secretary of the Navy, 1818–23; associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, 1823–43 B 1941 Administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1973–77 B 1951 U.S. secretary of commerce, 1967–68 F 1974–77 Chair of the U.S. president's Council of Economic Advisers, 1993–95; dean of Haas School of Business, 1998–2001; dean of London Business School, 2002–06 Att U.S. secretary of the Navy, 1841–43; secretary of state, 1843–44 PhD 1958 Chair of the U.S. president's Council of Economic Advisers, 1981–82 Charles Yost BA 1928 U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, 1969–1971; U.S. ambassador to Laos and Syria and Morocco

Central bankers This is a list of people associated with Princeton who have held senior positions within central banks. Several Princetonians have held senior positions within the Federal Reserve System, the central bank of the United States; two (Ben Bernanke and Paul Volcker) have served as chairman. Nicholas Biddle served as president of the Second Bank of the United States. Several have served in non-U.S. central banks as well. Name Affiliation Notability Refs PhD 1975 Governor of Bangladesh Bank, 2001–05; chief advisor of the caretaker government (interim prime minister) of Bangladesh, 2007–09 F 1985–2002 Chairman of the Federal Reserve, 2006–2014; member of the Federal Reserve Board, 2002–05; chair of the U.S. president's Council of Economic Advisors, 2005–06 B 1801 President of the Second Bank of the United States, 1822–39 B 1967, F 1971– Vice chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, 1994–96 PhD 1972 Governor of the Bank of Canada, 2001–08 F President of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, 1963–70 GS 1982–83 Deputy governor of the Bank of Canada, 2003–10 B 1983 President of the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, 2009–2015 MPA 1961 Deputy director-general of the Central Reserve Bank of Peru, 1967–69; minister of Energy and Mines, 1980–82; minister of Economy and Finance, 2001–02, 2004–05; prime minister of Peru, 2005–06; 66th president of Peru, 2016–2018 PhD 1985President of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, 2014– AM 1974, PhD 1977 Deputy governor of the Reserve Bank of India, 2002–04, 2005–06 B 1975Chairman of the Federal Reserve, 2018–; member of the Federal Reserve Board, 2012–; under secretary of the treasury for Domestic Finance, 1992–1993 B 1952 Vice chairman of the Federal Reserve Board, 1979–82 B 1983Member of the Federal Reserve Board, 2012–2014 F 2001–09 Deputy governor of the Riksbank (Bank of Sweden), 2007– B 1949, F 1974–75 Chairman of the Federal Reserve, 1979–87; vice chairman, 1975–79 MPA 1988 Deputy governor of the People's Bank of China, 2009–10; International Monetary Fund: special advisor to the managing director, 2010–11; deputy managing director, 2011–

State and provincial governors The governor of New Jersey is an ex officio trustee of the University. Only governors with another connection to Princeton are included in this list. Princetonians have served as governors of 23 of the 50 U.S. states.

In the "Notes" column, governors of U.S. states who also served in Congress represented the same states they governed unless otherwise specified.