Vidyarthi is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Ashish Vidyarthi (born 1962), Indian actor Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi (1890–1931), Indian journalist and activist L. P. Vidyarthi (1931–1985), Indian anthropologist Prabhudayal Vidyarthi (1922-1977), Indian politician
See also Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad, an Indian student organization