Gumal (also known as Goghmal, Gomel and Marga) was a diocese of the Syriac Orthodox Church. Bishops of Gumal are attested between the sixth and tenth centuries, but the diocese may have persisted into the thirteenth century.
Sources The main primary sources for the Syriac Orthodox bishops of Gumal are the Chronicle of the Syriac Orthodox patriarch Michael the Syrian (1166–99) and the Chronicon Ecclesiasticum of the Syriac Orthodox maphrian Bar Hebraeus (ob.1286).
Location The diocese of Gumal was located in the Mosul district of northern Iraq, not far from the celebrated Syriac Orthodox monastery of Mar Mattai. According to Bar Hebraeus, Gumal was 'a large town in the country of Marga, to the northeast of Mount Alpap'.Bar Hebraeus, Chronicon Ecclesiasticum (ed. Abeloos and Lamy), ii. 122 The town is probably connected with the district of Tel Gomel (in Greek, Gaugamela), which gave its name to Alexander the Great’s victory over the Persians at Gaugamela in 333 BC. The battle seems to have been fought at a site close to the modern Assyrian town of Telkepe, in the historic Marga district.
Bishops of Gumal The diocese of Gumal was the fifth of the twelve dioceses established by the eastern Syriac Orthodox bishops in 595.Bar Hebraeus, Chronicon Ecclesiasticum (ed. Abeloos and Lamy), ii. 124
Bishop Aitallaha was consecrated in 629 'for the town of Gumal'.Bar Hebraeus, Chronicon Ecclesiasticum (ed. Abeloos and Lamy), ii. 122
Bishop Yonan of 'Gulmarga' was deposed in 790 at a synod held by the eastern bishops in the monastery of Knushia in the Balad district.Bar Hebraeus, Chronicon Ecclesiasticum (ed. Abeloos and Lamy), ii. 160
Bishop Barhadbshabba 'of Marga' subscribed to the acts of the synod of Callinicus in 818.Michael the Syrian, Chronicle, iii. 42; Bar Hebraeus, Chronicon Ecclesiasticum (ed. Abeloos and Lamy), i. 348
In 1283, according to Bar Hebraeus, the diocese of Gumal was ruined:
Even if I wanted to be patriarch, as many others do, what is there to covet in the appointment, since so many dioceses of the East have been devastated? Should I set my heart on Antioch, where sighs and groans will meet me? Or the holy diocese of Gumal, where nobody is left to piss against a wall?Bar Hebraeus, Chronicon Ecclesiasticum (ed. Abeloos and Lamy), ii. 460
Notes
References
Jean-Baptiste Chabot, Chronique de Michel le Syrien, Patriarche Jacobite d'Antiche (1166-1199). Éditée pour la première fois et traduite en francais I-IV (1899;1901;1905;1910; a supplement to volume I containing an introduction to Michael and his work, corrections, and an index, was published in 1924. Reprinted in four volumes 1963, 2010).