Begleiter is a Jewish surname from the German word for "companion". Notable people with the surname include:
Steven Begleiter, poker player Ralph Begleiter (born 1949), American journalist and educator Henri Begleiter (1935–2006), American neurophysiologist Lionel Begleiter, birth name of Lionel Bart (1930–1999), British composer of musicals Ludwik Begleiter, birth name of Louis Begley (born 1933), American lawyer and novelist