IPA numbers are a legacy system of coding the symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet. They were the organizational basis for XSAMPA and the IPA Extensions block of Unicode.

Following the Kiel Convention in 1989, most letters, diacritics and other symbols of the IPA were assigned a 3-digit numerical code, with updates through 2005. The purpose was to identify IPA symbols explicitly in an era of competing computer encodings, and thus to prevent confusion between similar characters (such as and , and , and , and or and ) in such situations as the printing of manuscripts. The system never saw much if any use and is now defunct, having been superseded by Unicode.Steven Moran & Michael Cysouw (2018) The Unicode cookbook for linguists, p. 44–45

The semantic and graphic categories of the symbols are assigned different ranges of numbers: The 100 series are IPA consonants, the 200s retired and non-IPA consonants, the 300s vowels, the 400s diacritics, the 500s suprasegmentals, the 600s extIPA, the 700s capital letters and the 900s delimiters. Some symbols have more than one code.

100: IPA consonants Current IPA consonants, and those retired after the Kiel convention, are assigned numbers in the 100 range. The tie-bars used to create affricate consonants are assigned numbers in the 400 and 500 ranges.

+Consonants (main chart)BilabialLabiodentalAlveolarRetroflex PalatalVelarUvularPharyngealGlottalPlosivep b 101 102t d 103 104ʈ ɖ 105 106c ɟ 107 108k ɡ g 109 110 210q ɢ 111 112ʡ 173ʔ 113Nasalm 114ɱ 115n 116ɳ 117ɲ 118ŋ 119ɴ 120Trillʙ 121r 122ʀ 123ʜ ʢ 172 174Tap or Flapⱱ 184ɾ 124ɽ 125Fricativeɸ β 126 127f v 128 129θ ð 130 131s z 132 133ʃ ʒ 134 135ʂ ʐ 136 137ç ʝ 138 139x ɣ 140 141χ ʁ 142 143ħ ʕ 144 145h ɦ 146 147Lateral fricativeɬ ɮ 148 149Approximantʋ 150ɹ 151ɻ 152j 153ɰ 154Lateral approximantl 155ɭ 156ʎ 157ʟ 158

+ Implosives Clicks ƥ ɓ 159 160 ʘ 176 ƭ ɗ 161 162 ǀ 177 ƈ ʄ 163 164 ǃ 178 ƙ ɠ 165 166 ǂ 179 ʠ ʛ 167 168 ǁ 180 Other symbols ʍ w 169 170 ɧ 175 ɥ 171 ɺ 181 ɕ ʑ 182 183 ◌͡◌ ◌͜◌ 433 509

200: retired and non-IPA consonants The 200 range is mostly retired IPA consonants, though it includes several letters of the Americanist Phonetic Alphabet that are sometimes used alongside the IPA. A few superscript IPA letters, including a single vowel, have also been assigned numbers in this range. Symbols official until retirement by Kiel in 1989 are numbered upwards from 201; those already retired, or not IPA at all, are numbered downwards from 299.

In addition, there is the pre-composed character , the loop-tail (see the main consonant chart above), and the implicit IPA letter .

Old click letters ʇ201 ʗ202 ʖ203 ʞ291Superscript letters ˢ 207 ᶿ 217 ᵊ 218 ˣ 292 Misc. ɼ 206 ƞ 293 ɫ 209 ᶑ 219 ƻ 290ƾ NAPalatalized letters ʆ 204 ʓ 205 ƫ 208 ᶁ NA ᶅ NA ᶇ NALigature affricates ʦ211 ʣ212 ʧ213 ʤ214 ʨ215 ʥ216NAPA letters ƛ294 λ295 ž296 š297 ǰ298 č299

300: IPA vowels Vowel letters that were official after Kiel were numbered upward from 301. , which was once needed to create with a diacritic, two letters retired at Kiel, , and the three non-rhotic vowels added in the 1993 and 1996 updates to the IPA, , were numbered downward from 399. Pre-composed , present at Kiel, was assigned a number, but later and were not.

+Vowels Front Central BackClose i ı y 301 394 309 ɨ ʉ 317 318 ɯ u 316 308Near-close ɪ ɩ ʏ 319 399 320 ʊ ɷ 321 398Mid-close e ø 302 310 ɘ ɵ 397 323 ɤ o 315 307Mid ə ɚ 322 327Mid-open ɛ œ 303 311 ɜ ɝ ɞ ʚ 326 NA 395 396 ʌ ɔ 314 306Near-open æ 325 ɐ 324Open a ɶ 304 312 ɑ ɒ 305 313

400: non-tone diacritics

+Diacritics ◌ʼ 401 ◌̥ 402A ◌̊ 402B◌̬ 403 ◌ʰ 404 ◌ʱ NA ◌̤ 405 ◌̰ 406 ◌̼ 407 ◌̪ 408 ◌̺ 409 ◌̻ 410 ◌̹ 411 ◌̜ 412 ◌̟ 413 ◌̠ 414 ◌̈ 415 ◌̽ 416 ◌̘ 417 ◌̙ 418 ◌˞ 419 ◌ʷ 420 ◌ʲ 421 ◌ᶣ NA ◌ˠ 422 ◌ˤ 423 ◌̃ 424 ◌ⁿ 425 ◌ˡ 426 ◌̚ 427 ◌̴ 428 ɫ 209 ◌̝ 429 ◌̞ 430 ◌̩ 431 ◌̯ 432Retired and non-IPA , 491 ◌ʻ 492 ◌̇ 493 ◌˹ 490 ◌˗ 494 ◌˖ 495 ◌ʸ 496 ◌ʴ NA ◌̢ 489 ◌̣ 497 ◌̡ 498 ◌̫ 499

500: suprasegmentals Indicators of tone, stress, intonation and other elements of prosody. Combinations of tone diacritics or letters that were illustrated on the IPA Chart in 1999 are assigned individual numbers, leaving 3 tone diacritics and many, many compound tone letters without assigned numbers.

+Prosody ˈ◌ 501 ˌ◌ 502 ◌.◌ 506 ◌‿◌ 509 ◌ː 503 ◌ˑ 504 ◌̆ 505 ◌̑ 595 507 ‖ 508 ↗ 510 ↘ 511

+Tone and intonationLevelContour ◌̋ 512 ˥ 519 ◌̌ 524 ˩˥ 529 ◌́ 513 ˦ 520 ◌̂ 525 ˥˩ 530 ◌̄ 514 ˧ 521 ◌᷄ 526 ˧˥ 531 ◌̀ 515 ˨ 522 ◌᷅ 527 ˩˧ 532 ◌̏ 516 ˩ 523 ◌᷈ 528 ˨˦˨ 533 ◌᷇ NA ˥˧ NA ꜜ 517 ◌᷆ NA ˧˩ NA ꜛ 518 ◌᷉ NA ˦˨˦ NARetired and non-IPA ˇ◌ 596 ˆ◌ 597 ◌̖ 598 ◌̗ 599

600: extIPA The symbols of the Extensions to the IPA were numbered sequentially to 683. Several are redundant with other ranges. (The capital Latin letters are not shown here; see the 700 range.) A few letters that were apparently added to extIPA after 1999, such as , were not given numbers either, though they predate , which was added to the regular IPA in 2005 and did receive a number. The symbols added in the 2015 expansion of extIPA were apparently never assigned numbers either.

Letters ʭ 601 ʩ 602 ʪ 603 ʫ 604 ʬ NA ¡ NA ◯ 611 * 612 Œ 627 Θ 628 И NA ꟿ NAConnected speech (.) 631 (‥) 632 (...) 633 1 640 2 641 3 643 f 634 ff 635 p 636 pp 637 allegro 638 lento 639 Inline symbols \ 659 ↓ 661 ↑ 662 ◌‼ 672 ◌! 679

Number 611 is the "balloon" used to encircle unidentified segments.

Misc. diacritics ◌͆ 651 ◌͍ 652 ◌̪͆ 653 ◌͊ 654 ◌͋ 655 ◌͌ 656 ◌͈ 657 ◌͉ 658 ◌͎ 660 ◌ᶹ 673 ◌͢◌ 674 ◌͇ 675 ◌ʶ 676 ◌ꟸ 677 ◌ꟹ 678 ◌˭ 680 ◌͔ 681 ◌͕ 682Voicing diacritics ◌̬᪽ 665 ◌̬᫃ 666 ◌̬᫄ 667 ◌̥᪽ 668 ◌̥᫃ 669 ◌̥᫄ 670 ˬ◌ 663 = 403 ◌ˬ 664 = 403 ◌˷683 = 406 ʰ◌ 671 = 404

700: capital letters The capitals of the basic Latin alphabet, A–Z, are assigned the numbers 701 to 726 in order.

C 703, F 706, J 710, L 712, V 722 and W 723 are redundant with their extIPA numbers 624, 622, 626, 625, 621, 623, respectively.

900: transcription delimiters Brackets and other punctuation that mark linguistic transcription

+Delimitation charactersphonetic [ ] 901 902 phonemic / 903 silent (mouthing) /indistinguishableThe labels "silent (mouthing)" and "indistinguishable" appear on p. 175 and p. 191, respectively, of the IPA Handbook. ( ) 906 907 sound obscured ⸨ ⸩ 908 909 prosodic { } 910 911

References

External links IPA number chart – a chart of the numbers of most of the current symbols in the IPA proper, on the IPA website