Overseas Hoa communities comprise ethnic Chinese originating from Vietnam who have established transnational networks linking Vietnam, China, and countries of settlement. Overseas Hoa occupy a "hybrid diaspora" position, simultaneously participating in Chinese, Vietnamese, and local ethnic communities rather than fitting neatly into a single national diaspora.
Research on return migration since the 1990s has shown that overseas Hoa who resettle, invest, or retire in Vietnam are often incorporated into the broader category of overseas Vietnamese (), despite having previously been identified as ethnic Chinese. Resulting in an identity complex emphasizing Chinese ancestry, Vietnamese cultural experience, and a combined Chinese-Vietnamese heritage. Family, business, and cultural networks commonly persist across multiple countries, reflecting the community's historical roots in regional migration systems across East and Southeast Asia.
Hoa concentrations in Vietnam
Ho Chi Minh City: Cho Lon Tiền Giang Đồng Nai Kiên Giang Trà Vinh Province Hai Phong (most emigrated or forced out during the 1979 crisis). Bạc Liêu Cà Mau
Returned Overseas communities Mainland China
The Chinese Vietnamese population in China now number up to 300,000, and live mostly in 194 refugee settlements mostly in the provinces of Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Fujian, Yunnan and Jiangxi. More than 85% have achieved economic independence, but the remainder live below the poverty line in rural areas.
Hong Kong In Hong Kong, the Hoa immigrants mostly live in Yuen Long.
Taiwan Penghu（澎湖越南華僑難民營）
Hoa descent in other countries
United States Boston: Chinatown; and larger presence in Dorchester section Chicago: New Chinatown Dallas Denver Detroit: Madison Heights Honolulu: Chinatown Houston: Chinatown Los Angeles metropolitan area: San Gabriel Valley, Orange County, Chinatown New York City: Chinatown Oklahoma City: Asia District Orange County: Little Saigon Philadelphia: Chinatown Sacramento: Little Saigon San Francisco Bay Area: San Francisco, San Jose, Fremont, Oakland Seattle: International District
Canada Calgary Edmonton Montreal: Chinatown, Brossard Ottawa Toronto: Chinatown, Toronto, Mississauga, North York, Kitchener, Ontario, Waterloo, Ontario Windsor, Ontario Winnipeg: Chinatown, Winnipeg Vancouver: Chinatown, East Vancouver, Richmond Victoria, British Columbia
Australia Melbourne: Box Hill, Footscray, Springvale Sydney: Cabramatta, Bankstown
France Paris: 13th arrondissement Marseille
United Kingdom London: Hackney, Lewisham
Footnotes